http://directory.umm.ac.id/Data%20Elmu/jurnal/A/Animal%20Reproduction%20Science/Vol62.Issue1-3.Aug2000/2030.pdf

Storage of boar semen.

https://www.feedfood.co.uk/download/My_boar_Cerolini_2000.pdf

Viability, susceptibility to peroxidation and fatty acid composition of boar semen during liquid storage.

https://www.um.es/grupo-fisiovet/Gadea2005theriogenology.pdf

Sperm factors related to in vitro and in vivo porcine fertility

The potential of spermatozoa to become motile during post-testicular maturation, and the relationship between the cytoplasmic droplet and fertilizing capacity are reviewed. Post-testicular maturation of spermatozoa involves the autonomous induction of motility, which can occur in vivo in testes with occluded excurrent ducts and in vitro in testicular explants, and artefactual changes in morphology that appear to occur in the testis in vitro. Both modifications may reflect time-dependent oxidation of disulphide bonds of head and tail proteins. Regulatory volume decrease (RVD), which counters sperm swelling at ejaculation, is discussed in relation to loss of cytoplasmic droplets and consequences for fertility. It is postulated that: (i) fertile males possess spermatozoa with sufficient osmolytes to drive RVD at ejaculation, permitting the droplet to round up and pinch off without membrane rupture; and (ii) infertile males possess spermatozoa with insufficient osmolytes so that RVD is inadequate, the droplet swells and the resulting flagellar angulation prevents droplet loss. Droplet retention at ejaculation is a harbinger of infertility caused by failure of the spermatozoon to negotiate the uterotubal junction or mucous and reach the egg. In this hypothesis, the epididymis regulates fertility indirectly by the extent of osmolyte provision to spermatozoa, which influences RVD and therefore droplet loss. Man is an exception, because ejaculated human spermatozoa retain their droplets. This may reflect their short midpiece, approximating head length, permitting a swollen droplet to extend along the entire midpiece; this not only obviates droplet migration and flagellar angulation but also hampers droplet loss.

/pdf/the-epididymis-cytoplasmic-droplets-and-male-fertility-3ynhe7tndg.pdf

The epididymis, cytoplasmic droplets and male fertility.

This report reviews the latest knowledge on boar semen diluents used in artificial insemination procedures. The requirementsof an effective fresh semen diluent are discussed and currently available extenders are compared. Finally,we suggest directions to be taken in future research on this topic. A semen extender should be carefully selected accordingto its proposed use. For a planned semen storage time lower than 72 h, it is preferable to use a short-term extender.This type of diluent is less expensive and has been associated with a similar reproduction outcome to that oflong-term extenders. When semen doses need to be stored for more than 4 days (because of long distances, diseasecontrol procedures, etc.), we recommend the use of a long-term extender on a higher sperm concentration to compensatefor reduced sperm viability due to ageing. The semen extender must be selected on the grounds of optimalperformance (in terms of fertility and litter size), which, in turn, depends on the particular conditions of each pig farm.The choice of extender is crucial given its profound effect on the economic viability of the artificial insemination programme.

/pdf/review-semen-extenders-used-in-the-artificial-inseminarion-1nv735tqjf.pdf

Review: semen extenders used in the artificial inseminarion of swine

Fertility of long-term-stored boar semen: Influence of extender (Androhep and Kiev), storage time and plasma droplets in the semen

Based on 2127 first services in a field trial, the influence of sperm motility and morphology on the fertility of ten AI boars was investigated using semen stored for three and five days. Depending on sperm morphology the farrowing rate differed by up to 31% and the litter size differed by up to 3.4 piglets. Sperm motility and morphology are useful parameters in selecting sires for AI, especially in the case of inseminations with semen stored long-term.

Field studies of the effect of sperm motility and morphology on the fertility of boars used for insemination

Contents
In vitro and in a field trial the boar sperm compatibility of the antibiotic additives lincomycin and spectinomycin (= Lincospectin®) was investigated. The semen was extended with Kiev or Androhep media containing the antibiotic additives. Lincospectin® concentrations up to 4500 μg/ml of extended semen did not have any deleterious effect on sperm motility and acrosome integrity. Likewise, no negative influence on sperm quality could be seen using 450 μg Lincospectin (150 μg lincomycin and 300 μg spectinomycin) in combination with 500 IU penicillin and 500 IU streptomycine or with 250 μg gentamycin. The field inseminations based on 248 first services using Lincospectin in combination with penicillin and streptomycin revealed no negative effects on farrowing rate and litter size.

Inhalt: Untersuchungen zur Spermien- und Fruchbarkeitsvertraglichkeit von Lincospectin® Losung als Antibiotikumzusatz zu flussigverdunnten Ebersamen
Die Spermienvertraglichkeit der Antibiotika Lincomycin und Spectinomycin (=Linco-spectin) wurde in vitro und im Feldversuch untersucht. Der Samen wurde mit antibiotikumhaltigen Kiew- oder Androhep-Medien verdunnt. Lincospectin Konzentrationen bis zu 4500 μg/ml verdunnten Samens hatten keinen schadigenden Einfluβ auf Spermienmotilitat und Akrosomintegritat. Die Kombinationen von 450 μg Lincospectin (150 μg Lincomycin und 300 μg Spectinomycin) mit 500 IE Penicillin und 500 IE Streptomycin oder mit 250 μg Gentamycin hatten ebenfalls keinen negativen Effekt auf die Samenqualitat. Im Feldversuch mit 248 Erstbesamungen ergab die Kombination uon Lincospectin mit Penicillin und Streptomycin bei mit Kiew-Medium verdunntem Samen keinen negativen Einfluβ auf Abferkelrate und Wurfgroβe.

Examination on sperm- and fertility-compatibility of Lincospectin sterile solution as antibiotic additive in liquid boar semen

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Fertility of long-term-stored boar semen: Influence of extender (Androhep and Kiev), storage time and plasma droplets in the semen

Field studies of the effect of sperm motility and morphology on the fertility of boars used for insemination

Examination on sperm- and fertility-compatibility of Lincospectin sterile solution as antibiotic additive in liquid boar semen