Today most sawmills use optimization techniques to maximize yields from logs. If open market conditions are assumed when maximizing volume or value yields, overproduction of some products and underproduction of others may result. In this study, a system is described that links production with log sawing optimization while also addressing demands for timber products of differing qualities. The system is based on an optimization framework that is implemented in a log sawing simulator, AUTOSAW. Unlike other optimization systems that use static product ''values'' such as board volume or timber price, dynamic values are used that are updated regularly according to previous timber production. The efficiency of the system was tested with three orderbooks via comparisons with volume- and value-optimized solutions obtained from sawing pruned Pinus radiata D. Don logs. In each case, product optimization required fewer logs to satisfy all demands than did either volume or value optimization. Furthermore, underproduc...

Dynamic Control of Timber Production at a Sawmill with Log Sawing Optimization

Purpose – The existing business paradigm in the sawmill industry is that improvements are achieved by enhancements at each individual sawmilling plant. The authors investigate a collaborative approach, and propose a model for optimizing production and inventory planning decisions within a system of plants.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology models the sawmill production process in terms of two transformation stages and two inventory stages. The authors then extend the model to account for supply chain decisions consisting of timber transfers among plants. They apply the model at 11 Chilean sawmills to evaluate whether they can benefit from operating in a more integrated manner.Findings – The authors find an opportunity to increase profits by more than 15 percent through a higher utilization of the capacity and a better assignment of production orders.Research limitations/implications – The study neglects the possibility of exchanging raw material among plants. Also, the findings are derived from...

Internal supply chain management in the Chilean sawmill industry

At sawmills logs are converted into boards by a series of cutting operations. Primary cuts reduce logs into slabs of wood, secondary cuts produce boards. Boards incorporating natural defects such as knots (branch sections) are inferior to clear boards. The aim of the sawmill is to cut logs to produce boards of greatest value. However, when logs are pruned, knots are only exposed after primary cutting. This complicates the conversion problem. To effectively convert logs into boards the interrelated effects of the cutting phases must be recognized. In this paper linked dynamic programming formulations are developed. The inner (secondary) formulation determines the optimal sequence for cutting a slab into boards. The result is passed to the master (primary) formulation that determines the optimal sequence for cutting the log into slabs. The objective functions can be modified to maximise either total value of boards (incorporating quality) or total volume. Results from simulations indicate that significant increases in value are possible when quality is considered.

Combined primary and secondary log breakdown optimisation

Scheduling production for a sawmill: A comparison of a mathematical model versus a heuristic

An automated system for planning and optimization of lumber production using Machine Vision and Computed Tomography (CT) is proposed. Cross-sectional CT images of hardwood logs are analyzed using machine vision algorithms. Internal defects in the hardwood logs pockets are identified and localized. A virtual in silico 3-D reconstruction of the hardwood log and its internal defects is generated using Kalman filter-based tracking algorithms. Various sawing operations are simulated on the virtual 3-D reconstruction of the log and the resulting virtual lumber products automatically graded using rules stipulated by the National Hardwood Lumber Association (NHLA). Knowledge of the internal log defects is suitably exploited to formulate sawing strategies that optimize the value yield recovery of the resulting lumber products. A prototype implementation shows significant gains in value yield recovery when compared with lumber processing strategies that use only the information derived from the external log structure.

/pdf/automated-planning-and-optimization-of-lumber-production-1c6dvgutug.pdf

Automated Planning and Optimization of Lumber Production Using Machine Vision and Computed Tomography

Log breakdown can be viewed as a two-stage process with logs sawn into slabs of wood known as flitches during the primary stage and flitches further processed during the secondary stage to produce edged (cut lengthwise) and trimmed (cut widthwise) pieces. This paper addresses the secondary problem and describes some procedures for determining the optimal cutting of flitches into graded dimensional boards. The problem is formulated as a set packing problem with the objective being to maximise total value. Extensions to the basic formulation include constraints which restrict the number of saws and which disallow waste between adjacent edged pieces. The problem is solved using dynamic programming techniques and the algorithms incorporated into a sawing simulation system. Comparisons with existing edging and trimming procedures show that substantial reductions in solution time (to as little as 1/25th of the time required for an enumerative search) can be achieved.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.jors.2600377.pdf

Secondary log breakdown optimization with dynamic programming

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Combined primary and secondary log breakdown optimisation

Secondary log breakdown optimization with dynamic programming