Carbon black nano particle loaded lauric acid-based form-stable phase change material with enhanced thermal conductivity and photo-thermal conversion for thermal energy storage

Growth and characterization of a single crystal of Urea Adipic acid (UAA)--a third order nonlinear optical material.

Single crystals of pure lauric acid (LA) were harvested from ethanol solution by a slow evaporation technique. X-ray diffraction showed that the LA crystallized in the monoclinic system and was used to determine the lattice parameters. The Kurtz–Perry powder technique showed that the second-harmonic generation efficiency of LA was 0.87 times that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis was used to identify the various fatty acid functional groups present in the sample. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis revealed that the LA crystal is stable up to 45 °C. The mechanical strength of the sample crystal was estimated by the Vickers hardness test. Impedance analysis was carried out for the sample at different frequencies and a Nyquist plot was drawn to understand the electrical properties.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2053-1591/3/10/105101/pdf

Growth and characterization of an organic nonlinear optical material—lauric acid crystal

Although this book deals with salts of amino acids, this chapter discusses the structures of pristine amino acids, since these molecular structures are also found in salts, and factors as solubility and conditions of crystal growth are important for the synthesis of amino acid salts as well as the pure form. In this context, the impact of minimal changes in conditions (such as impurities) on the growth of amino acid crystals is noted. The structural variation is very high, as not only amino acids differ from each other, but many amino acids exist in more than one form. This refers to the fact that enantiopure crystals can be grown as well as racemates (so-called dl-amino acids). Moreover, often more than one hydration state is found: Anhydrous forms are common, but many amino acids form hydrated crystals. For some amino acids (e.g., glycine, proline, methionine), more than one polymorph of the same hydration state is found. Some of these polymorphs form at ambient condition, often due to minuscule changes in conditions. For others, variation in temperature and pressure has been found to be the cause of the formation of different polymorphs. High-pressure data are available for some amino acids (e.g., alanine, serine, cysteine). Most amino acids are found to form a so-called head-to-tail motif, where acid and amino groups connect to form infinite chains. In some of the larger, nonpolar amino acids, a bilayer pattern is found, where polar groups of opposing molecules face each other, forming a layer, with the hydrophobic side chain facing outward (this motif is found in phenylalanine, methionine, leucine, or isoleucine). Not all amino acids crystallize readily, as is proved by the crystal structure of l-arginine, which could be determined only very recently, and that of lysine, which could not be solved at all to date. In addition to the standard 20, some nonstandard amino acids are discussed. Finally, notes on remarkable physical effects (such as piezoelectric data) or possible applications (as for instance the interactions of amino acids with carbon nanotubes) are presented.

Amino Acid Structures

An organic crystal l-ascorbic acid known as vitamin C is grown by slow evaporation method and studied the properties of crystal under the influence of gamma radiation. Powder X-ray study and FTIR study have been carried out to see the effect of irradiation on crystallinity and chemical nature of the crystal. Energy gap and SHG conversion efficiency decreased exponentially upon increasing the gamma irradiation dosage. Dielectric studies for the crystal have been carried out both before and after irradiation in the frequency range 10 Hz to 8 MHz at room temperature; it is observed that dielectric constant and dielectric loss decreases and they became stable due to irradiation effect. The mechanical properties such as hardness number, elastic stiffness and yield strength were determined and these parameters are enhanced with the influence of gamma radiation.

Influence of gamma radiation on the properties of l-ascorbic acid crystal for photonic applications

An organic material of a noncentrosymmetric l-threonine single crystal was grown in a dimethyl urea solution using the slow evaporation method. The grown crystal was transparent and colorless, with a size of about 20 × 7 × 4 mm3, obtained within a period of 10 days. The grown crystal was subjected to various studies, such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), microhardness, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) transmittance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) and second harmonic generation (SHG). l-threonine crystals grown in a dimethyl urea solution show relative SHG efficiency of 0.92 times that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The functional groups of the crystals have been confirmed by FTIR analysis. The mechanical strength of the crystal was estimated by the Vickers hardness test. The lattice parameters of the grown crystal were determined by single crystal XRD and powder XRD studies, and the diffraction peaks were indexed. A UV–Vis spectrum was recorded in the wavelength range of 200–1100 nm to find the suitability of the crystal for nonlinear optical applications. The thermal stability of l-threonine crystal grown in dimethyl urea was checked using the TGA/DTA analysis.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-8949/88/03/035801/pdf

Optical, mechanical and thermal characterization of l-threonine single crystals grown in dimethyl urea solution

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Optical, mechanical and thermal characterization of l-threonine single crystals grown in dimethyl urea solution