This paper presents the Forward Time Projection Chamber (FTPC) system of the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS accelerator. This TPC system applies a novel tandem-TPC design to reduce the background originating from particle tracks not synchronous with the event trigger. The FTPC system is composed of three chambers with alternating drift field directions. The chambers were installed directly along the beamline region of the NA61/SHINE detector in a medium- to high-intensity (10-100 kHz) hadron or ion beam. The tandem TPC system has proved to be capable of rejecting out-of-time background tracks not associated with a primary interaction. In addition, the system performs tracking and inclusive dE/dx particle identification for particles at and near the beam momentum. This shows that a tandem-TPC-based chamber design may be used also in other experimental applications with a demand for low material budget, tracking capability, and the need for dE/dx particle identification, all while in the presence of a relatively high particle flux.

The Forward TPC system of the NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN: a tandem TPC concept

This paper presents the Forward Time Projection Chamber (FTPC) system of the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS accelerator. This TPC system applies a novel tandem-TPC design to reduce the background originating from particle tracks not synchronous with the event trigger. The FTPC system is composed of three chambers with alternating drift field directions. The chambers were installed directly along the beamline region of the NA61/SHINE detector in a medium- to high-intensity (10-100 kHz) hadron or ion beam. The tandem TPC system has proved capable of rejecting out-of-time background tracks originating from beam particles not associated with the primary interaction of a recorded event. In addition, the system performs tracking and inclusive dE/dx particle identification for particles at and near the beam momentum. This shows that a tandem-TPC-based chamber design may be used also in other experimental applications with a demand for low material budget, tracking capability, and the need for dE/dx particle identification, all while in the presence of a relatively high particle flux.

The HISPEC/DESPEC collaboration envisages long experimental campaigns exploiting the expected beam performances of Super-FRS. The experiments will be performed at the Low-Energy Branch of the upcoming FAIR and will focus on the physics of exotic isotopes, primarily in the heavy neutron-rich region. The goal of the HISPEC/DESPEC experimental campaigns is to explore the excitation and decay properties of rare isotopes produced via fragmentation and fission. First rare-isotope beam simulations of representative future HISPEC/DESPEC experimental cases are presented. The simulations provide an insight into the forthcoming state-of-art experiments in the future FAIR facility. 

Simulations of rare-isotope beams for the HISPEC/DESPEC experiments at the Super-FRS

New tracking detectors are necessary for beam diagnostics and event-by-event particle identification for the Super-FRS, a next generation reaction product separation being constructed at GSI/FAIR in Germany. Novel detectors and electronics are currently being developed to meet the stringent requirements of this forefront fragment separator due to high radiation levels, long term electronic stability and the required homogeneity of materials in the beam, while maintaining very high tracking efficiency. The present contribution focuses on the electronics for a new Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM)-based Time Projection Chamber (TPC) to provide the position information, which are needed to reconstruct the A/q of the fragment from protons to uranium ions. The most recent Front End Electronics (FEE) developed at GSI with a novel Amplifier With Adaptive Gain Settings (AWAGS) ASIC are being tested. This FEE has a low noise level (sub fC), a large dynamic range (up to ∼ 71 pC) with excellent timing properties. The AWAGS uses a switched capacitance technique instead of fixed feedback capacitors to provide the large dynamic range. Results from the ASIC characterisation studies and the outlook for a new, updated chip for the full read out chain of the GEM TPC are presented. 

AWAGS: A single ASIC to identify fast ions from protons to uranium

In recent years Gas Electron Multipliers have proven to be reliable amplification stages at high beam rates, and can be used also in Time Projection Chambers. Our group developed a 1 dm$^3$ active volume double-GEM TPC, with spatial resolution of 50 $\mu m$ and 280 $\mu$m. Custom designed FPGA data acquisition system enables rate capability for about 100 kHz$\cdot$mm$^{-2}$, providing excellent track-by-track position and angular information, better than 0.1 mm and 1 mrad respectively. The wide dynamic range of the system enables identification from $^{4}$He up to $^{86}$Kr using ionization measurement. Two of these TPCs are planned to operate in tandem mode to filter off-time particles and to achieve a superior angular resolution.

A GEM based TPC for beam monitoring

The GEM-TPC described herein will be part of the standard beam-diagnostics equipment of the Super-FRS. This chamber will provide tracking information for particle identification at rates up to 1 MHz on an event-by-event basis. The key requirements of operation for these chambers are: close to 100% tracking efficiency under conditions of high counting rate, spatial resolution below 1 mm and a superb large dynamic range covering projectiles from Z=1 Z = 1 up to Z=92 Z = 92 . The current prototype consists of two GEM-TPCs inside a single vessel, which are operating independently and have electrical drift fields in opposite directions. The twin configuration is done by flipping one of the GEM-TPCs on the middle plane with respect to the second one. In order to put this development in context, the evolution of previous prototypes will be described and its performances discussed. Finally, this chamber was tested at the University of Jyvaskyla accelerator with proton projectiles and at GSI with Uranium, Xenon, fragments and Carbon beams. The results obtained have shown a position resolution between 120 to 300 μ m at moderate counting rate under conditions of full tracking efficiency.

/pdf/a-gem-tpc-in-twin-configuration-for-the-super-frs-tracking-30fzuruzdg.pdf

A GEM-TPC in twin configuration for the Super-FRS tracking of heavy ions at FAIR

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A GEM-TPC in twin configuration for the Super-FRS tracking of heavy ions at FAIR