Pueraria tuberosa, commonly known as Indian kudzu or 'Vidari' is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. The tubers of this plant are an important constituent in many Ayurvedic formulations as a restorative tonic, immune booster and antiageing. Annual demand of Vidari by the Ayurvedic industry is 135 tonnes and industry is facing a severe scarcity of this raw material. Micropropagation technology offers large-scale production of disease-free, quality planting materials for pharmaceutical industries. A successful protocol for the in vitro propagation of P. tuberosa has been achieved by using nodal segments as explants. Multiple shoot induction and proliferation was obtained in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.5 mg.L -1 BAP, 0.5 mg.L -1 KN and 2% glucose. MS medium with 1.5 mg.L -1 KN favoured maximum shoot elongation. A maximum number of roots with the highest percentage of rooting was observed on half strength MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg.L -1 IBA. Elongated shoots in half strength basal MS medium induced roots in 14 days of culture. Regenerated shoots with well-developed roots were successfully hardened with 80% survival.

https://www.tropicalplantresearch.com/archives/2017/vol4issue3/64.pdf

In vitro propagation of Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC.

Blepharispermum subsessile DC., belonging to family Asteraceae, is known for its uses in the treatment of arthritis and related joint pain in folkloric medicine in different states of India. Additionally, ethnomedicinal uses of this plant include treatment of dysentery, diarrhoea, various ophthalmic problems, common cold, rhinitis, skin diseases, scabies, wound and gynaecological disorders. Most importantly, traditional use of B. subsessile to treat arthritis has been recently supported by scientific pharmacological studies including a clinical trial. However, overexploitation, unregulated trade and habitat destruction has put the B. subsessile under severe threat in their natural habitats of India in general and Odisha state of India in particular. To conserve the gene pool of this plant species along with other medicinal plants in their wild habitat ( in situ ) a medicinal plant conservation area (MPCA) has already been established in Odisha. Recently, attempt has also been made for development of tissue culture - mediated plant regeneration protocols aiming at its conservation by rehabilitation and ex situ means. In the present review, comprehensive and updated information on the distribution, botany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of B. subsessile has been summarized and focus has been given to the attempts made for conservation of this traditional medicinal plant species through conventional means as well as biotechnological intervention. Future research required for B. subsessile conservation and pharmaceutical utilization in fullest but in best sustainable manner has also been discussed.

A comprehensive scientific overview of Blepharispermum subsessile DC. (Asteraceae), a conservation concern medicinal plant with promising pharmaceutical potential

Loquat ('Eriobotrya japonica' L.) is a potential fruit crop in Indonesia. The experiments were carried out to study the effect of gamma rays as 'in vitro' mutagenesis agent and also the regeneration of mutant explants of loquat on different media. The experiment used two media (MS and WPM) containing BA and NAA, three type of explants (apical shoot, stem, cotyledon), and four doses of gamma rays (0, 10, 30, 50 Gy). The results showed that MS media was better than WPM media in term of callus production. Moreover, explants of loquat showed a different response to gamma irradiation and the highest response on number of shoots, number of leaves and plant height was found at a dose of 10 Gy. On the other hand, the explants of cotyledon were only able to produce callus. The explants of the apical shoot were able to produce the highest number of leaves and shoots than the explants of the stem. However, the combination of MS media, apical shoot explants and 10 Gy of gamma rays irradiation showed a better response in the growth traits of callus diameter, callus height, number of shoots, number of leaves and plantlet height. Overall, the results of this study showed that 'in vitro' culture in combination with induced mutations can speed up breeding programmes.

/pdf/in-vitro-regeneration-and-induction-of-mutation-in-loquat-2zwqsc7ohs.pdf

'In vitro' regeneration and induction of mutation in loquat ('Eriobotrya japonica' L.)

Particle-induced X-ray emission was used to investigate mineral accumulation during different developmental stages of direct organogenesis from cotyledon explants of Blepharispermum subsessile beginning from shoot bud initiation and formation to in vitro regenerated roots. Mineral uptake and accumulation appeared selective and varied between different stages of shoot bud initiation and formation (Stage 1), proliferation of leafy shoots (Stage 2), and in vitro regenerated roots (Stage 3). The concentrations of 2 macro elements, K and Ca, were found in higher quantity during proliferation of shoot buds to leafy shoots stage suggesting their role in cell division, bud formation, and multiplication of the plant. Most of the micronutrients such as Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn were found to be accumulated in higher quantities in in vitro regenerated roots, as they provide the plant with a larger surface area and hence a greater potential for mineral uptake. The results of particle-induced X-ray emission test suggest that the information on the accumulation of elements during developmental stages in vitro could be useful for formulating a media for the induction of high-frequency regeneration of in this important endangered medicinal plant species for its ex situ conservation.

PIXE-based detection of elemental accumulation during direct organogenesis in Blepharispermum subsessile DC.: An endangered medicinal plant of Odisha, India

This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and explore the eco-friendly and antifungal potential of precocenes and their derivatives. The organic synthesis of the mono-O-alkyl-2,2-dimethyl 2H-1-chromene series, including the natural product precocene I, and the di-O-alkyl 2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-chromene series, including the natural 2H-1-chromenes precocenes II and III, was achieved. The synthetic compounds were subjected to spectroscopic analysis, 1HNMR,13CNMR, and mass characterization. The antifungal activity of synthesized precocenes I, II, and III, as well as their synthetic intermediates, was evaluated by the poison food technique. Precocene II (EC50 106.8 µg × mL−1 and 4.94 µg mL−1), and its regioisomers 7a (EC50 97.18 µg × mL−1 and 35.30 µg × mL−1) and 7d (EC50 170.58 × µg mL−1), exhibited strong fungitoxic activity against Aspergillus niger and Rhizoctonia solani. Some of the novel chromenes, 11a and 11b, which had never been evaluated before, yielded stronger fungitoxic effects. Finally, docking simulations for compounds with promising fungitoxic activity were subjected to structure–activity relationship analyses against the polygalactouronases and voltage-dependent anion channels. Conclusively, precocenes and their regioisomers demonstrated promising fungitoxic activity; such compounds can be subjected to minor structural modifications to yield promising and novel fungicides.

/pdf/the-synthesis-fungicidal-activity-and-in-silico-study-of-56x6kfw7.pdf

The Synthesis, Fungicidal Activity, and in Silico Study of Alkoxy Analogues of Natural Precocenes I, II, and III

Multiple shoots were induced on cotyledon explants of in vitro grown seedlings of Blepharispermum subsessile DC, cultured on MS medium supplemented with various combinations and concentrations of BAP, IBA and GA 3 . The highest regenerative response was observed on medium containing 2.5 mg/l BAP where shoot buds initiated after 12 days of inoculation and about 32 shoots were produced in 30 days time. Addition of GA 3 played a key role in leaf expansion and elongation of shoot buds. Addition of the auxin IBA to the induction medium resulted in more callus proliferation rather than shoot bud induction. The elongated shoots were transferred to root induction medium consisting of half strength MS supplemented with IAA, NAA and IBA. Highest rooting response (90%) was recorded in ½ MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IAA. Acclimatized plants were maintained in polybags with garden soil for future reintroduction program to their natural habitat. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(2): 255-266, 2016 (December)

/pdf/in-vitro-regeneration-of-blepharispermum-subsessile-dc-an-598jjz6egv.pdf

In vitro Regeneration of Blepharispermum subsessile DC: An Endangered Medicinal Plant of Odisha, India using Cotyledon Explants

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In vitro Regeneration of Blepharispermum subsessile DC: An Endangered Medicinal Plant of Odisha, India using Cotyledon Explants

PIXE-based detection of elemental accumulation during direct organogenesis in Blepharispermum subsessile DC.: An endangered medicinal plant of Odisha, India