Shape memory polymer compositions, articles of manufacture thereof, and methods of preparation and use thereof are described. The shape memory polymer compositions can hold more than one shape in memory. Suitable compositions include at least one hard segment and at least one soft segment. The Ttrans of the hard segment is preferably between -30 and 270 °C. At least one of the hard or soft segments can contain a cross-linkable group, and the segments can be linked by formation of an interpenetrating network or a semi-interpenetrating network, or by physical interactions of the blocks. Objects can be formed into a given shape at a temperature above the Ttrans of the hard segment, and cooled to a temperature below the Ttrans of the soft segment. If the object is subsequently formed into a second shape, the object can return to its original shape by heating the object above the Ttrans of the soft segment and below the Ttrans of the hard segment. The compositions can also include two soft segments which are linked via functional groups which are cleaved in response to application of light, electric field, magnetic field or ultrasound. The cleavage of these groups causes the object to return to its original shape.

/pdf/shape-memory-polymers-21sug7mu2l.pdf

Shape memory polymers

The science and technology of ultracapacitors are reviewed for a number of electrode materials, including carbon, mixed metal oxides, and conducting polymers. More work has been done using microporous carbons than with the other materials and most of the commercially available devices use carbon electrodes and an organic electrolytes. The energy density of these devices is 3¯5 Wh/kg with a power density of 300¯500 W/kg for high efficiency (90¯95%) charge/discharges. Projections of future developments using carbon indicate that energy densities of 10 Wh/kg or higher are likely with power densities of 1¯2 kW/kg. A key problem in the fabrication of these advanced devices is the bonding of the thin electrodes to a current collector such the contact resistance is less than 0.1 cm2. Special attention is given in the paper to comparing the power density characteristics of ultracapacitors and batteries. The comparisons should be made at the same charge/discharge efficiency.

Ultracapacitors: Why, How, and Where is the Technology

Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) have attracted significant attention from both industrial and academic researchers due to their useful and fascinating functionality. This review thoroughly examines progress in shape-memory polymers, including the very recent past, achieved by numerous groups around the world and our own research group. Considering all of the shape-memory polymers reviewed, we identify a classification scheme wherein nearly all SMPs may be associated with one of four classes in accordance with their shape fixing and recovering mechanisms and as dictated by macromolecular details. We discuss how the described shape-memory polymers show great potential for diverse applications, including in the medical arena, sensors, and actuators.

http://research.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/srdesign/2009/group8/Papers/shape%20memory%20polymers%20review%20article.pdf

Review of progress in shape-memory polymers

Functionalization of carbon nanomaterials for advanced polymer nanocomposites: A comparison study between CNT and graphene

Nanocelluloses from jute fibers and their nanocomposites with natural rubber: Preparation and characterization.

Transition metal doped poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite for high performance supercapacitor electrode materials

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were coated with TiO 2 by sol gel process. The coating was confirmed by TEM, XPS and XRD. TEM analysis showed that rough coating was formed on the MWCNTs. These modified MWCNTs and pristine MWCNTs were dispersed in the blend of nylon 66 and SAN by melt blending. FESEM images showed that pristine MWCNTs were preferably dispersed in the nylon phase whereas TiO 2 modified MWCNTs confined to the SAN phase. The selective dispersion was explained on the basis of migration and stabilization of these high aspect ratio nanotubes in the Nylon/SAN blend system. The hydrogen bonding interaction between the CN group of SAN and surface hydroxyl group of TiO 2 coated MWCNTs has restricted the migration of modified MWCNTs from SAN to nylon phase.

Novel approach for the selective dispersion of MWCNTs in the Nylon/SAN blend system

Development of compatibilized SBR and EPR nanocomposites containing dual filler system

A porous nanocomposite based on polypyrrole (PPy) and sodium alginate (SA) has been synthesized by easy, inexpensive, eco-friendly method. As prepared nanocomposite showed fibrillar morphology in transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis. The average diameter of ~100 nm for the nanofibers was observed from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. As prepared nanofiber, was investigated as an electrode material for supercapacitor applica- tion in different aqueous electrolyte solutions. PPy nanofiber showed enhanced electrochemical performances in 1 M KCl solution as compared to 1 M Na2SO4 solution. Maximum specific capacitance of 284 F/g was found for this composite in 1 M KCl electrolyte. It showed 76% specific capacitance retention after 600 cycles in 1 M KCl solution. Electrochemical Impedance Spectra showed moderate capacitive behavior of the composite in both the electrolytes. Further PPy nanofiber demonstrated higher thermal stability as compared to pure PPy.

http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0003708&mi=c

Facile synthesis of polypyrrole nanofiber and its enhanced electrochemical performances in different electrolytes

Direct fluorination of UHMWPE fiber and preparation of fluorinated and non-fluorinated fiber composites with LDPE matrix

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