An experiment was carried out to compare yield attributes ofapical cuttings developed using Mini-clonal technology of variety V1 along with the regular stem cuttings. Both apical and stem cutting plants were evaluated under field conditions at Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam, Tamil Nadu. In this study, yield parameters like fresh leaf weight (g), no of branches (no’s per plant), no of leaves (no’s per plant) and plant yield (g) were evaluated. The results clearly indicates superior performance was noticed in V1 apical cuttings, treatment 60DAP-AC (V1) mini clones recorded yield attributes like fresh leaf weight (5.33 g), no of branches (2.92 no’s) per plant, no of leaves (49.23 no’s) per plant and plant yield (103.98g) better than stem cuttingsfresh leaf weight (4.94 g), no of branches (2.56 no’s) per plant, no of leaves (41.85 no’s) per plant and plant yield (89.14 g).Evaluating yield traits under primary field conditions in relation to various transplantation days was the primary goal of the study 

Influence of Different Transplanting days on Yield attributes of Mini clones under Field Conditions for Morus indica (V1)

Sericulture, the cultivation of silkworms for the production of silk which has been a vital economic activity in many parts of the world for centuries. Traditionally, sericulture has relied heavily on manual labour, from the rearing of silkworms to the harvesting of silk fibers. However, as the global demand for silk increases and labour costs rise, the mechanisation of sericulture has emerged as a critical area of development. This article explores the mechanisation of sericulture thereby examining its benefits, challenges, technological advancements and its impact on the industry. By achieving timeliness in farm operations, bringing precision to the metering and placement of inputs thus reducing available input losses, increasing utilization efficiency of costly inputs (seed, irrigation, water, chemical, fertilizer etc., lowering produce unit costs and improving profitability and competitiveness in the cost of operation, sericultural farm mechanization contributes to increased production, productivity and profitability in the sericultural industry. It is one of the key components needed to bring about comprehensive development in India's rural areas. Additionally, it aids in protecting produce and by products from both qualitative and quantitative harm; it permits value addition and the creation of seri-processing businesses to generate extra revenue and jobs from sericultural produce.

Impact of mechanization in post cocoon sector and non-mulberry sericulture

Since bio-control agents target specific pests without affecting the usefulness insects or/and damaging the soil and water resources, it plays a role in conservation of ecological balance in the environment. A variety of insect and non-insect pests, as well as hosts of parasites (fungi, insect, and mite parasites), occur in silkworm sericulture. This method does not in any way influence the sustainability of environment through pest control as required by sustainable agriculture. Since bio-control agents are known to be harmless to human beings and other organisms that may be of equal importance in the ecosystem such as pollinators, wildlife etc., they also have safety advantages. This is a big step forward to eradicating pests as compared to the chemical pesticides which have been known to affect the human lives and other wildlife. In the meantime, the bio-control agents may be cost effective in the long run. Because bio-control agents could offer continuous control of pests with minimal extra cost, it is possible, even when the outlay of obtaining and developing such organisms is more expensive than straightforward chemical applications. Further, the use of bio-control agents may reduce the reliance on traditional chemical pesticides and hence cost outlay and pest control costs and also reduce the probabilities of pesticide resistance. In the farming of mulberry, bio control agents are one the most important components of integrated pest management and have proved be an effective substitute to chemical control. Bio-control agents offer long-term pest suppression in comparison to chemical control methods, whose impacts tend to weaken after several generations of treatment. The continuous use of chemicals may result in pest resistance to the pesticides used. Spraying synthetic pesticides leads to the formation of pesticide residues on mulberry foliage, which affects food products and environmental health. 

The Use of Bio-control Agents in Mulberry Pest Management: Successful Techniques and Important Issues

India has the exclusive right to produce the four varieties of silk—mulberry, Tasar, ERI and Muga and is the country that produces the most silk overall, ranking second only to China. Indian silk products are extremely valuable both domestically and internationally. There are many issues facing by farmers today along with the significance of mechanization and the many pieces of equipment used in sericulture. Recent research and technology advancements have made to validate the use of machineries across various sectors of sericulture in order to improve the productiveness because of the growth of the sericulture business in India. The utilization of diverse machinery and equipment in nearly every segment of the sericulture business leads to the optimization of output with superior quality. The sericulture industry's entire competency will be enhanced by technological innovation, automation, training developments and technology promotion. The anticipated amount of man days needed per hectare annually for mulberry garden care is 800. Implementing mechanization in mulberry farming has the potential to decrease mulberry leaf production costs by a minimum of 35-40%. The labor wages associated with various processes contribute for 45–60% of the cocoon's cost. Consequently, in order to lower the cost of producing cocoons, it is necessary to decrease the reliance on labour.

Studies to estimate the impact of mechanization in Grainage and silkworm rearing

Chemical signalling plays a crucial role in the interactions between insects and plants, orchestrating a complex web of ecological and evolutionary dynamics. This abstract provides an overview of how chemical signals including volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) and secondary metabolites which mediate these interactions. Plant’s as stationary organisms which employ chemical signalling to defend against herbivores and attract beneficial insects such as predators and pollinators. In response, insects have developed sophisticated mechanisms to detect and interpret these signals thus influencing their behaviour and survival strategies. For instance, VOC’s released by plants during herbivore attacks can alert neighbouring plants to bolster their defenses or attract natural enemies of the herbivores. Insects also use pheromones for communication, facilitates mating, foraging and group coordination. The evolutionary significance of these chemical interactions is profound i

Significant role of chemical signalling and associated compounds in insect-plant interaction

A nursery is an area under supervision and designed to provide suitable conditions for juvenile cuttings until they are ready for main field transplantation. The main objective of all nurseries is to generate high quality saplings in sufficient numbers to satisfy the user needs. The present study was conducted to examine the economic viability of the nursery adopting both traditional and modern techniques like Mini clonal Technology of mulberry saplings generation. Analysis of various economic tools have shown that mulberry nurseries using mini clonal technology have an edge over traditional method of propagation. Economic tools used during study include net income and benefit cost ratio. The study showed that initial capital investment for mini clonal nurseries is high compared to traditional nurseries which can be recovered. The economic analysis revealed that entrepreneur involved in nursery business have obtained gross income of Rs.2,56,000/- using traditional technology and gross income of Rs.4,60,800/- using mini clonal technology. The net income of traditional nurseries and clonal nurseries are Rs.1,50,890/- and Rs.2,62,750/- (for first harvest) & Rs.3,18,270/- (from second harvest) respectively. The capital investment on clonal mulberry nurseries is highly viable due to high B:C ratio of 1:2.32 (for first harvest) & 1:3.23 (from second harvest) followed by traditional nurseries having B:C ratio of 1:2.43 is also considerably viable. 

The economics of commercial mulberry saplings production using mini clonal technology over conventional method

Genus Morus includes more than 20 species, some of which are commercially important mulberries with different utilities. Even though these species are propagated by rooting of cuttings in practice, mulberry seeds are of importance for breeding studies and rootstock seedling propagation. For that reason, this study was conducted to know the seed performance for germination and emergence traits of four mulberry varieties viz, V1, G4, S36, MR2 using 4× 4 complete diallel mating design. According to the results both non – additive and additive gene actions are important in the inheritance of these traits. Progenitors MR2 and V1 were found to be the best combiners for most of the traits studied.

https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2022/vol11issue7/PartAI/11-7-386-663.pdf

Genetic studies in mulberry seedlings by diallel analysis

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The economics of commercial mulberry saplings production using mini clonal technology over conventional method

Genetic studies in mulberry seedlings by diallel analysis