This paper examines the role that oxidative stress plays in small ruminant medicine. We will examine how redox homeostasis is involved in some physiological functions and we will discuss the implications of the impairment of oxidative status on small ruminant health and production.

https://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbz/v39sspe/38.pdf

The role of oxidative stress in small ruminants' health and production

This chapter examines the role that oxidative stress plays in ruminant medicine. We examine how redox homeostasis in involved in some physiological functions and we discuss the implications of the impairment of oxidative status on ruminant health and production. The study of oxidative stress is a relatively young field of research in ruminant medicine. The understanding of the role of oxidants and antioxidants in physiological and pathological conditions is rapidly increasing. Oxidative stress is an active field of research in ruminant medicine and has been implicated in numerous disease processes including sepsis, mastitis, acidosis, ketosis, enteritis, pneumonia, respiratory, and joint diseases. Compared to human medicine, only a limited number of conditions have been investigated in regard to the effects of oxidative stress in ruminants. Studies in cattle have been sporadic and mainly concerned with mastitis, pneumonia, and retained placenta. More recently, studies have been focused on metabolic diseases that affect dairy cows during the peripartum period. Numerous and rapidly evolving methodologies for evaluating oxidative stress are available to researchers and clinicians, each with their own distinct advantages and disadvantages. Differences in models and methodologies make it difficult to make meaningful comparisons, even for studies that seem quite similar superficially. With this in mind, it is the goal of this chapter to summarise the present knowledge of oxidative stress in ruminant medicine and to examine the basis of and evidence for the role of oxidative stress in ruminant health and production, highlighting the need for continued research on oxidative stress in ruminant medicine. Clarity of understanding of the pathophysiology of oxidative stress in ruminants will allow the design of specific antioxidant therapies. Future research should focus on the establishment of a reference panel of biomarker of oxidative stress to be used in ruminant medicine. The development of an oxidative stress index as an approach in ruminant and veterinary medicine is also discussed.

Oxidative Stress in Ruminants

This paper describes the relationship of trace and ultra-trace minerals with the gastrointestinal (GI) helminth burden in rangeland sheep reared in district Chakwal, Pakistan. A total of 384 sheep were randomly subjected to collect sera and fecal samples during autumn, 2014. Trace and ultra-trace minerals were determined through different spectrophotometric techniques after wet digestion of sera. Fecal examination revealed a variety of helminth parasites viz., Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia trifurcata, Trichostrongylus spp., Strongyloides papillosus, Marshallagia marshalli, Avitellina centripunctata, Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica harbored by the study population. The mean serum levels of copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) were within the normal ranges. However, mean zinc (Zn) level was marginally deficient while, manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co) levels were higher than the normal ranges. The mean serum Zn, Mo and Se concentrations in sheep varied insignificantly (P>0.05). Whereas, a significant variation (P<0.05) in the levels of Cu, Mn and Co was observed in sheep flocks. The quantitative fecal analysis of sheep revealed lower to moderate egg per gram (EPG) range. Pearson correlation demonstrated a non-significant (p>0.05) correlation of trace and ultra-trace minerals with EPG magnitude in naturally parasitized sheep of the study area. In conclusion, trace and ultra-trace mineral levels in naturally infected sheep flocks exhibited no significant role in reducing GI parasitic burden. © 2017 Friends Science Publishers

/pdf/correlation-of-trace-mineral-profiles-with-gastrointestinal-3wbpryp7cx.pdf

Correlation of Trace Mineral Profiles with Gastrointestinal Worm Burden in Rangeland Sheep of Chakwal District, Punjab, Pakistan

India has acquired the distinction of being the highest milk producing country in the world since 1998 with an annual growth rate of 4-5 %. The estimated milk production in India is about 110 million tons (2008-09). Buffaloes contribute about 55 % of the total milk production and occupy an important place in the agricultural economy of India due to its better adaptability to harsh climatic conditions, tolerance to tropical diseases and survival under poor crop residue feeding and management practices (Gupta, 1997; Indian Dairyman, 2010). Inspite of this the inherent potential of buffalo productivity can be augmented by appropriate measures to alleviate heat stress. The best way to deal with heat stress is to take the managemental measures to ameliorate its detrimental effects. In the recent time a number of plasma and milk biomarkers have been identified which could be used to find out the stress condition in animals. The present review discusses the various biomarkers and their application to further augment the milk production of buffaloes under tropical climatic conditions.

Stress markers in the plasma and milk of murrah buffaloes during summer

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9281/1/Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Rizwan_Parasitology_2018_UAF_PRR.pdf

Association of the Trace Mineral Profile of Soil, Forages and Blood with the Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis in Grazing Sheep of District Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan

Influence of selenium supplementation on helminth burdens of marginally deficient suckling Angora goat kids

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Influence of selenium supplementation on helminth burdens of marginally deficient suckling Angora goat kids