Refraction of thermal neutrons was used as imaging signal for computerized neutron tomography Using a special instrument, attenuation and refraction could be observed simultaneously, extracted and separated from each other, and two-dimensional (2D) images reconstructed from pure refraction data Even in the case of no attenuation contrast, perfect 2D images of objects could be reconstructed using the refraction data only

Refraction as imaging signal for computerized (neutron) tomography

Ghost imaging is demonstrated using a polyenergetic reactor source of thermal neutrons. This enables position resolution to be incorporated into a variety of neutron instruments that are not position resolving. Such a proof of concept enables several further applications. For example, in an imaging context, neutron ghost imaging can be beneficial for dose reduction and resolution enhancement. We explore the principle of resolution enhancement by employing a variant of the method in which each pixel of a position-sensitive detector is regarded as an independent bucket detector; a neutron ghost image is then computed for each pixel. We demonstrate the principle that this parallel form of neutron ghost imaging can significantly increase the spatial resolution of a pixelated detector such as a CCD or CMOS camera. Further applications and extensions of our neutron ghost-imaging protocol are discussed. These include neutron ghost tomography, neutron ghost microscopy, dark-field neutron ghost imaging, and isotope-resolved color neutron ghost imaging via prompt-gamma-ray bucket detection.

Neutron ghost imaging

Small angle neutron scattering is a well-established tool for the determination of microscopic structures in various materials. With the ultrasmall angle neutron scattering technique (USANS), structures with sizes of approximately 50nm to 50μm can be resolved by a double crystal diffractometer (DCD). USANS signals recorded with a special DCD were used for tomographic purposes investigating the macroscopic structure of a sample with a maximum resolution of 200μm. Thereby, macroscopic regions within the sample with different ultrasmall angle scattering properties, i.e., with different microscopic structures, could be imaged by the means of tomographic reconstruction from projections (on a macroscopic scale).

Small angle scattering signals for (neutron) computerized tomography

The color characteristics, vibration spectra, phase and mineral composition, internal structural organization of several fragments of the ancient Roman mosaics from the Roman Mosaic Museum, Constanta, Romania were studied by non-destructive (Chromatic analysis, Neutron Diffraction, Neutron Tomography) and micro-invasive techniques (Optical Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, Wavelength Dispersion X-ray Fluorescence). These investigations were performed in order to characterize the original Roman mosaic fragments. The major and minor phase components of the studied mosaic fragments were determined, the crystal structure of the main phases was analyzed, and their three-dimension spatial arrangement was reconstructed. The similar composition of the major phases of all mosaic fragments can indicate a generic recipe for making mosaic elements, but minor phases were presumably added for coloring of mosaic pieces. Some degradation areas inside the volume of the mosaic fragments were found by means of neutron diffraction and neutron tomography methods. These degradation areas are probably related to the formation of iron hydroxides during chemical interactions of mosaic fragments with the sea and urban polluted atmosphere.

/pdf/non-destructive-and-micro-invasive-techniques-for-2i8xf2q1b8.pdf

Non-Destructive and Micro-Invasive Techniques for Characterizing the Ancient Roman Mosaic Fragments

Neutron Radiography and Tomography

Two- and three-dimensional reconstructions of objects from projections were performed with one- and two-dimensional detectors. For three-dimensional reconstruction conventional X-ray films with gadolinium converters as two-dimensional reconstruction small angle scattering and refraction can be used as signals for high resolution tomographic investigations of matter. These interactions can only be detected with a double crystal diffractometer, where the analyzer crystal acts as one-dimensional detector. Inhomogeneities less than 20 μm can be imaged two-dimensionally.

On neutron tomography

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On neutron tomography