[1] When Voyager 1 passed through the termination shock (TS), it did not observe unfolding of the energetic particle spectrum into a single power law up to anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) energies. Instead, Voyager continued to observe the modulation of ACRs, showing that ACRs were not accelerated at the termination shock where Voyager moved through it. Here, we show how the strongly correlated modulation of anomalous and galactic cosmic rays requires that the ACR accelerator must be on field lines that connect far beyond Voyager 1 on either the distant reaches of termination shock flanks or far out in the inner heliosheath near the heliopause.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2007GL029847

Modulation of anomalous and galactic cosmic rays beyond the termination shock

9. A Search for Minor Ions in Anomalous Cosmic Rays

The well established cosmic ray transport equation describes the physics of cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere and is thought to be complete. Its solution for anomalous cosmic rays has special characteristics due to the local acceleration of these particles at the solar wind termination shock. Some of these characteristics are demonstrated here, namely effects by the strength of the shock, shock drift, the cutoff in the spectrum at the shock, species scaling, drift, and ionization.

/pdf/the-morphology-of-anomalous-cosmic-rays-in-the-outer-1dzth0tjlm.pdf

The morphology of anomalous cosmic rays in the outer heliosphere

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The morphology of anomalous cosmic rays in the outer heliosphere