Background: Health authorities recommend educating diabetic patients and their families and initiating measures aimed at improving self-management, promoting a positive behavior change, and reducing the risk of complications. Social media could provide valid channel to intervene in and deliver diabetes education. However, it is not well known whether the use of these channels in such interventions can help improve the patients’ outcomes. Objective: The objective of our study was to review and describe the current existing evidence on the use of social media in interventions targeting people affected with diabetes. Methods: A search was conducted across 4 databases (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library).The quality of the evidence of the included primary studies was graded according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria, and the risk of bias of systematic reviews was assessed by drawing on AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) guidelines. The outcomes reported by these studies were extracted and analyzed. Results: We included 20 moderate- and high-quality studies in the review: 17 primary studies and 3 systematic reviews. Of the 16 publications evaluating the effect on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of the interventions using social media, 13 reported significant reductions in HbA1c values. The 5 studies that measured satisfaction with the interventions using social media found positive effects. We found mixed evidence regarding the effect of interventions using social media on health-related quality of life (2 publications found positive effects and 3 found no differences) and on diabetes knowledge or empowerment (2 studies reported improvements and 2 reported no significant changes). Conclusions: There is very little good-quality evidence on the use of social media in interventions aimed at helping people with diabetes. However, the use of these channels is mostly linked to benefits on patients’ outcomes. Public health institutions, clinicians, and other stakeholders who aim at improving the knowledge of diabetic patients could consider the use of social media in their interventions.

/pdf/social-media-use-in-interventions-for-diabetes-rapid-4nb3cprmfg.pdf

Social Media Use in Interventions for Diabetes: Rapid Evidence-Based Review.

Two minds theory (TMT) offers a new approach to changing health behavior. Here, TMT is applied to self-management of Type 1 diabetes. TMT can be conceptualized as a cycle where a stimulus produces an immediate Intuitive system response leading to health behavior, followed by a conscious narrative system response that is temporally delayed. Narrative responses do not produce behaviors directly but instead lead to conscious beliefs about past events and behavioral intentions for the future, both of which become part of the material considered by the intuitive system in selecting future behaviors. Because of the temporal delay between intuitive behavior and narrative interpretation, and the nonconscious nature of intuitive thought, there is often a gap between intentions and behaviors. This has implications for nursing practice. First, nurses should consider that patient-reported impressions of the past or future are fundamentally narrative system responses and understand that these may be less predictive of behavior than biopsychosocial measures that are more temporally immediate. Second, nurses can use TMT to inform new strategies for behavior change interventions. For diabetes self-management, nurses can encourage individuals to leverage environmental cues to prompt self-management (tricking the intuitive system), provide rewards for self-management (training the intuitive system), or engage the narrative system via planning, reframing, or attention practices for healthier future decisions. Overall, the TMT addresses the gap between intentions and behavior and should be further developed to inform behavioral health interventions.

Applying two minds theory to self-management of Type 1 diabetes.

Objective To assess whether botanical fermented food (BFF) consumption has an impact on cardiometabolic biomarkers or gut microbiota in adults with obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Design Systematic review. Data sources Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL and Google Scholar were searched with no language limits, from inception to August 31, 2022. Eligibility criteria. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of BFFs on glucose, lipid, anthropometric, inflammatory and gut microbial parameters, in participants with obesity, MetS or T2DM. Data extraction and synthesis. Two independent reviewers screened 6873 abstracts and extracted relevant data. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the Cochrane Collaborations ROB2 tool. A qualitative, narrative synthesis was produced. Results. The final review included 26 RCTs, with 31 reports published between 2001 and 2022. Significant (p<0.05) within-group and between-group changes in cardiometabolic outcome means were reported in 23 and 19 studies, respectively. Gut microbiota composition was assessed in four studies, with two finding significant between-group differences. No significant difference between groups of any measured outcomes was observed in five studies. There were 14 studies at low ROB; nine were of some concern; and two were at high ROB. Conclusion. In 77% of included studies, BFF consumption by participants with obesity, MetS or T2DM led to significant improvements in some cardiometabolic outcomes, including fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and C-reactive protein. BFF consumption increased the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, whilst reducing Bacteroides. To determine the clinical significance of BFFs as therapeutic dietary adjuncts, their safety and tolerability must be balanced with the limited power and magnitude of these preliminary findings. Ethics. Ethical approval was not required as primary data was not collected. PROSPERO registration number. CRD42018117766

The impact of botanical fermented foods on obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Mediterranean dietary pattern is inversely related to visceral adipose tissue in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and excess weight

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Mediterranean dietary pattern is inversely related to visceral adipose tissue in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and excess weight