Workbook of atmospheric dispersion estimates

Pseudospectral solution of atmospheric diffusion problems

The advection-diffusion model of air pollution over an urban area is developed. The region is subdivided into a grid and the three-dimensional partial differential equation of the pollution concentration is reduced to a linear vector difference equation. Along with this discrete equation, a stochastic model of air pollution is considered and pollution concentrations over the area are estimated from observed data generated by a few monitor points. High dimensionality of the resulting Kalman filter equation is avoided by using a discrete form of Chandrasekar-type equations. Diffusion coefficients in the advection-diffusion model, which are difficult to specify accurately, are also identified.

Dynamic estimation of air pollution

An on-line optimal environmental/economic dispatch methodology for electric power generation is developed in this paper. Aside from the conventional economic dispatch, constraints on air quality (such as those specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) are added to the minimum fuel cost problem. Using the integrated Gaussian puff model based on the statistical turbulent theory, rapid dynamic features of pollutant dispersion and its forecast surrounding the plants are emphasized. By applying a convex programming algorithm repeatedly, a set of marginal environmental imposts for the power plants at different times are obtained. Such imposts are incorporated with the fuel cost in the ordinary short-term economic dispatching program to indirectly account for the environmental impact of power generation on the quality of the ambient air. The approach is specifically taken to have little modification for existing economic dispatch programs and be implemented for real power networks. The proposed approach has been simulated in a power system with three plants and three monitoring points.

An approach to on-line power dispatch with ambient air pollution constraints

Numerical treatment of time dependent advection and diffusion of air pollutants.

This report describes a numerical method based on the best gradient-transfer theory currently available for computing pollutant concentration distributions downwind from a stack. The vertical inhomogeneity of the atmosphere and ground roughness are included in the model. Vertical wind and temperature profiles are calculated numerically from given values of ground roughness and wind speed and relative temperature at stack height. An equation governing the plume from the stack is solved by a finite difference method. The numerical results, compared with several experiments, suggest that ground roughness is an important parameter and that is agreement between different sets of experimental data may be due to different values of this parameter. The effect of wind is found to be small under neutral conditions. The effective mean wind decreases to a minimum value a short distance from the stack and then increases downwind.

Numerical investigation of the atmospheric dispersion of stack effluents

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Numerical investigation of the atmospheric dispersion of stack effluents