Ileal brake: a sensible food target for appetite control. A review.

50 years of oral lipid-based formulations: Provenance, progress and future perspectives ☆

Dietary Fiber Supplements: Effects in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome and Relationship to Gastrointestinal Functions

https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(06)00572-5/pdf

Integrated Upper Gastrointestinal Response to Food Intake

OBJECTIVE:  To formulate timely evidence-based guidelines for the management of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction. SETTING:  Constipation is a major untoward effect of opioids. Increasing prescription of opioids has correlated to increased incidence of opioid-induced constipation. However, the inhibitory effects of opioids are not confined to the colon, but also affect higher segments of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to the coining of the term "opioid-induced bowel dysfunction." METHODS:  A literature search was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, and EMBASE Classic, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Predefined search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria were used to identify and categorize relevant papers. A series of statements were formulated and justified by a comment, then labeled with the degree of agreement and their level of evidence as judged by the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) system. RESULTS:  From a list of 10,832 potentially relevant studies, 33 citations were identified for review. Screening the reference lists of the pertinent papers identified additional publications. Current definitions, prevalence, and mechanism of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction were reviewed, and a treatment algorithm and statements regarding patient management were developed to provide guidance on clinical best practice in the management of patients with opioid-induced constipation and opioid-induced bowel dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS:  In recent years, more insight has been gained in the pathophysiology of this "entity"; new treatment approaches have been developed, but guidelines on clinical best practice are still lacking. Current knowledge is insufficient regarding management of the opioid side effects on the upper gastrointestinal tract, but recommendations can be derived from what we know at present.

/pdf/opioid-induced-constipation-and-bowel-dysfunction-a-clinical-2aez7ofbnb.pdf

Opioid-Induced Constipation and Bowel Dysfunction: A Clinical Guideline

Studies were carried out in 36 adult male rats to determine the characteristics of lipid substances which, after infusion into the ileum, slow the stomach to caecum transit time of the head of a bean meal in the rat. Stomach to caecum transit time was measured by environmental hydrogen analysis. Ileal infusion of a range of free fatty acids including petroselinic, oleic, myristoleic, erucic, linoleic, and linolenic all significantly slowed stomach to caecum transit time, as did the detergents (sodium bis (2-ethyl hexyl) sulphosuccinate and sodium linoleyl sulphate), the triglyceride corn oil, and the phospholipid lecithin. Although the lipid soluble deconjugated bile acid deoxycholic acid slowed stomach to caecum transit time, the water soluble conjugated bile acid taurocholic acid accelerated it. Infusion of the lipid alcohol oleyl alcohol and the calcium chelating agent disodium edetate (EDTA) into the ileum did not delay the passage of the meal through the stomach and small intestine. The diversity of lipid substances activating the ileal brake suggest a nonspecific effect by lipid soluble substances that can penetrate cell membranes. The lack of effect of EDTA suggested that calcium binding was not important.

https://gut.bmj.com/content/gutjnl/31/10/1126.full.pdf

Characteristics of lipid substances activating the ileal brake in the rat.

Studies investigated the effect of the opiate antagonist naloxone (10 mg/kg) on stomach to caecum transit (SCTT) during ileal infusion of saline or Intralipid. SCTT of the head of the meal was measure

The Effect of an Opiate Receptor Antagonist on the Ileal Brake Mechanism in the Rat

A combination of the polysaccharide ethyl-hydroxyethyl-cellulose (EHEC) and the surfactant sodium-dodecylsulphate (SDS) has the extraordinary physical property of being liquid at room temperature but gelling firmly at 37 degrees C. It has been named 'liquid fibre' and its effect on gastric emptying has been tested in rats and humans, as well as its effect on intestinal distribution in rats. Rats were gavaged with 5 ml of radiolabelled liquid fibre, SDS in water, or water control. Subgroups were killed after 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 minutes, the gut removed, and the distribution of radioactivity measured scintigraphically. Liquid fibre gelled in the stomach and spread exponentially down the small intestine before 25 minutes. This distribution was maintained for 200 minutes after which the stomach began to empty again. In the human study, 10 healthy men drank 250 ml liquid fibre and placebo labelled with 1.85 MBq technetium tin colloid on separate occasions. Gastric emptying was measured by gamma-camera. Half emptying time significantly increased from 17.7 to 55.8 minutes (means, p < 0.05). The time for 10% to empty (which includes any lag time) increased from 7.0 to 19.4 minutes (p < 0.05). Average emptying rate decreased from 4.49%/min for placebo to 1.60%/min for liquid fibre (p < 0.01). The dramatic delay in gastric emptying suggests liquid fibre may have clinical applications while its liquid formulation should improve acceptability.

https://gut.bmj.com/content/gutjnl/34/9/1177.full.pdf

The effect of liquid fibre on gastric emptying in the rat and humans and the distribution of small intestinal contents in the rat.

1. Studies were carried out in the rat to investigate the effect of adrenoceptor antagonists on stomach to caecum transit time under control conditions and during ileal infusion of Intralipid. Stomach to caecum transit time (SCTT) of the head of the meal was measured by use of environmental hydrogen analysis and the distribution of the meal was assessed by a scintigraphic technique. 2. Four adrenoceptor antagonists were used in these studies, the alpha 1 antagonist prazosin, the alpha 2 antagonist, idazoxan, the beta 1 antagonist atenolol and the beta 2 antagonist ICI 118551. 3. None of the antagonists affected SCTT of the head of the meal during ileal infusion of saline. However, the alpha 1 and beta 1 antagonists significantly reversed (P less than 0.05) the delay in SCTT induced by ileal infusion of Intralipid whereas the alpha 2 antagonist, idazoxan, potentiated this delay (P less than 0.05). 4. Study of the distribution of the radiolabelled meal showed that the Intralipid delayed SCTT by slowing both gastric emptying (P less than 0.05) and small bowel transit (P less than 0.05). 5. Prazosin delayed gastric emptying under control conditions (P less than 0.001) but did not alter significantly the effect of ileal lipid on the distribution of the meal, 100 min or 200 min after gavage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb09050.x

The effect of adrenoceptor antagonists on the ileal brake mechanism in the rat.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

C. Bogentoft

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Characteristics of lipid substances activating the ileal brake in the rat.

The Effect of an Opiate Receptor Antagonist on the Ileal Brake Mechanism in the Rat

The effect of liquid fibre on gastric emptying in the rat and humans and the distribution of small intestinal contents in the rat.

The effect of adrenoceptor antagonists on the ileal brake mechanism in the rat.