The Brazilian Cerrado is a diversity hotspot due to its high level of endemism and rapid loss of habitats. It is estimated that the number of herbaceous species is four times higher than that of woody species. Increasing levels of nitrogen additions to natural ecosystems have been indicated as a determinant of biodiversity loss. We investigated the effects of nutrient additions on the productivity (aboveground and belowground) and on diversity of the herbaceous-subshrub layer of a Brazilian savanna (cerrado stricto sensu). The experiment was carried out in the IBGE Ecological Reserve, near Brasilia, Brazil. Between 1998 and 2006, N, P, N plus P, or Ca were applied to sixteen 225 m2 plots, arranged in a completely randomized design. Aboveground biomass was compared 1 year after the first fertilization and 10 years later. Floristic diversity was significantly different (P < 0.01) between the treatments. The highest and lowest species richness were presented in control and NP, respectively. The addition of P alone or in combination with N induced invasion by Melinis minutiflora (exotic C4 grass). The aboveground biomass of this species was higher in NP and P plots. In the N treatment, Echinolaena inflexa (native C3 grass) presented elevated cover and biomass but M. minutiflora was absent. The invasion by alien species resulted in negative impacts on native grass species. Besides changes in aboveground biomass, addition of N and P also led, although to a lesser extent, to changes in the root morphology and biomass, but these responses were modulated by seasonal variation in soil moisture. The results suggest that environmental changes in nutrient availability can lead to important consequences for diversity and functioning of this savanna where the numerous rare species have more chance to persist under dystrophic conditions as some species that tend to be dominant would be less competitive.

Effects of nutrient additions on plant biomass and diversity of the herbaceous-subshrub layer of a Brazilian savanna (Cerrado)

A riqueza floristica do estrato herbaceo-arbustivo de campo limpo umido, uma vegetacao campestre do bioma Cerrado, e pouco conhecida, embora as ervas e subarbustos sejam o maior componente na vegetacao de Cerrado. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar a riqueza floristica da camada herbaceo-subarbustiva de um campo limpo umido, com aproximadamente 16 ha, localizado na Fazenda Agua Limpa (FAL), Brasilia, DF (15° 56' a 15° 59' S e 47° 55' a 47° 58' W), alem de comparar a sua flora herbaceo-arbustiva com a de outras areas do bioma Cerrado no Brasil central e sudeste. Material botânico fertil foi coletado quinzenalmente, de setembro de 1999 a fevereiro de 2001, ao longo de trilhas distribuidas de modo a percorrer a maior extensao da area possivel. Foram registradas 197 especies, distribuidas em 105 generos e 41 familias, tendo sido provavelmente descoberta uma nova especie de Syngonanthus (Eriocaulaceae). As oito familias com o maior numero de especie foram Poaceae (39 especies); Cyperaceae (24); Asteraceae (21); Polygalaceae (15); Eriocaulaceae (12); Xyridaceae e Melastomataceae (8) e Fabaceae (7). A similaridade floristica, medida com indice de Sorensen, entre o campo limpo umido estudado e as outras 12 areas de Cerrado foram baixas variando de 3,3% a 37,4%. As baixas similaridades entre as areas comparadas podem estar relacionadas com as diferencas de saturacao hidrica do solo ou diferencas no tamanho das areas de Cerrado remanescentes. A ordenacao separou claramente as areas umidas das areas secas e sugere que a distância geografica entre as mesmas tambem pode ter influenciado a heterogeneidade floristica no componente herbaceo-subarbustivo.

/pdf/floristica-do-estrato-herbaceo-subarbustivo-de-um-campo-2pn87m0bjo.pdf

Florística do estrato herbáceo-subarbustivo de um campo limpo úmido em Brasília, Brasil

The moist grassland community vegetation of the Cerrado is one of the physiognomies where the water table is superficial throughout the year. It generally occurs bordering the gallery forests, located between these forests and the well-drained Cerrado physiognomies. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytosociological structure of the herb-subshrub layer in a moist grassland at Agua Limpa farm, Brasilia, DF, and assess possible changes in species composition and cover, at different times throughout a 13-month period, after a fire. An area of 400×400 m was subdivided into four sections of 200×200 m and the transects were randomized. The line intercept method was adopted, where each line was divided into sections of 1 m. A total of 84 species in 54 genera and 24 families was found. Sorensen similarity indices were low when the four transects were compared, from 0.26 to 0.55%, probably due to soil and moisture variation among sampled sections. TWINSPAN classification indicated that transects with a superficial water table year round and high organic matter content were different floristically from those on soils having seasonal variation of the water table level. Similarity indices between floristic composition and cover found in the transects during different sampling occasions were high, due especially to the small variation in cover values of the most important species over the year.

https://www.scielo.br/pdf/abb/v22n4/a02v22n4.pdf

Fitossociologia do estrato herbáceo-subarbustivo em campo limpo úmido no Brasil Central

No municipio de Rio do Fogo foi registrada, em 1976, somente atraves de imagens de radar, uma comunidade de Cerrado para a qual, ate entao, nao havia estudo in loco. Algumas questoes foram elaboradas sobre essa comunidade: A regiao delimitada e descrita por meio de imagens de radar pode ser considerada Cerrado, do ponto de vista floristico? Qual a fitogeografia das especies registradas nessa comunidade? Ha ocorrencia de especies raras, endemicas ou ameacadas de extincao na composicao floristica dessa comunidade? Para responder a estas questoes realizou-se o levantamento floristico em 400 ha, no periodo de agosto/2007 a setembro/2009. Os dados indicaram que das 94 especies registradas em Rio do Fogo, 73 sao associadas ao Cerrado, 69 tambem se distribuem na Caatinga, 60 na Floresta Atlântica, 47 na Floresta Amazonica, 14 no Pantanal e 11 no Pampa. Foram listadas pela primeira vez para o Rio Grande do Norte (RN) 39 especies; Stylosanthes gracilis Kunth (Fabaceae) e Aristida laevis (Nees) Kunth (Poaceae) sao citadas pela primeira vez para o Nordeste do Brasil. Aspilia procumbens Baker (Asteraceae) apresentou distribuicao restrita ao estado e insere-se na categoria criticamente em perigo; ja Stilpnopappus cearensis Hubber na categoria vulneravel a extincao. Concluiu-se que essa area pode ser classificada floristicamente como pertencente ao dominio do Cerrado, podendo ser apontada como area-chave para a conservacao.

/pdf/composicao-floristica-de-uma-comunidade-savanica-no-rio-13iafa8qlt.pdf

Composição florística de uma comunidade savânica no Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil

The impacts of soil properties and fire regime on Neotropical savannas are well-known, but the importance of hydrological regime for plant species assembly has received less attention. Here, we assessed changes in diversity patterns of herbaceous and woody communities along a water table gradient in a fire-excluded Neotropical savanna. We found that increased waterlogging of soils was associated with declines in both herbaceous and woody species richness. Woody species richness decreased once the water table depth is less than 4 m and no woody species occurred once water table depth was less than 23 cm. Herbaceous communities remained species rich until the shallowest water table depth, where there is flooding at some point in the year, and even there, over a dozen species occurred. Woody species that occurred in areas with shallower water tables were a nested subset of those in areas with deeper water tables. In contrast, herbaceous communities showed turnover over the hydrological gradient, with distinct species specialized for different water table levels. However, we found that those specialists are restricted to few evolutionary lineages, evidenced by increased phylogenetic clustering over the water table gradient in herbaceous communities. We suggest that evolutionarily conserved hydrological niches define the herbaceous layer over the hydrological gradient, whereas only generalist woody species persist under high water tables. Our findings show that the effect of soil waterlogging differs between the herbaceous and woody layer of savannas, indicating that these communities will respond differently to shifts in the hydrological regime under future environmental change.

/pdf/differential-effects-of-soil-waterlogging-on-herbaceous-and-2ean9xd9f8.pdf

Differential effects of soil waterlogging on herbaceous and woody plant communities in a Neotropical savanna

Floristics of the herbaceous and subshrub layer of a moist grassland in the cerrado biosphere reserve (alto paraíso de goiás), brazil

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Floristics of the herbaceous and subshrub layer of a moist grassland in the cerrado biosphere reserve (alto paraíso de goiás), brazil