In this paper, we report how the concentration of carbon-tetrafluoride (CF 4 ) affects the primary scintillation from Ar+CF 4 gas mixtures excited by proton and alpha particles. The single photon counting method was used to measure the time spectra of the primary scintillation from Ar, CF 4 and their mixtures at atmospheric pressure. Pure Ar exhibits a fast decay time constant, which is approximately 6 ns, and a slow decay time tail. Initially, increases in the concentration of CF 4 increase the decay time of the Ar+CF 4 gas mixture. However, when the concentration of CF 4 exceeds a certain threshold, the decay time decreases to that of pure CF 4 , approximately 8–9 ns. We also report the photon emission spectra of Ar+CF 4 mixtures excited by protons. The emission spectrum of the primary scintillation from Ar is improved by CF 4 in both the ultraviolet region and the visible to near-infrared region.

Primary scintillation characteristics of Ar+CF4 gas mixtures excited by proton and alpha particles

https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1145&context=physics_fac_pubs

Two-body photodisintegration of 3He between 7 and 16 MeV

The scintillation and ionization yields of helium–xenon gas mixture were measured using a gridded ionization chamber with 241Am alpha particles to study the potential of the mixture to be applied in neutron detectors. The ionization yields for various ratios of the mixture gases were obtained with gas pressures of 1.0, 0.657, and 0.100 MPa. The yield data were explained well using the ratio of the number of excited atoms to that of ionized atoms in helium, i.e. The scintillation yield increased with xenon partial pressure and saturated at 10% of the total pressure, while the ionization yield increased up to 1.59 times of the initial value for pure helium at 1% of the total pressure then gradually increased to 1.8 times. The helium gas with added xenon at 10% of its pressure was suggested as a medium of a neutron detector with signal readouts from both scintillation and ionization, since it increases the scintillation yield to more than 1.1 times of pure xenon and increases the ionization yield to more than increases 1.8 times of pure helium.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.35848/1347-4065/ab7a47/pdf

Scintillation and ionization yields of helium–xenon gas mixture for application in neutron detectors

Measurements of the Analyzing Power of n-He Elastic Scattering Between 1.60 and 5.54 MeV by James Esterline Department of Physics Duke University

/pdf/measurements-of-the-analyzing-power-of-n-3he-elastic-53jhhul3z7.pdf

Measurements of the Analyzing Power of n-3He Elastic Scattering Between 1.60 and 5.54 MeV

A program has been initiated to measure the energy dependence of selected high-yield fission products used in the analysis of nuclear test data. We present out initial work of neutron activation using a dual-fission chamber with quasi-monoenergetic neutrons and gamma-counting method. Quasi-monoenergetic neutrons of energies from 0.5 to 15 MeV using the TUNL 10 MV FM tandem to provide high-precision and self-consistent measurements of fission product yields (FPY). The final FPY results will be coupled with theoretical analysis to provide a more fundamental understanding of the fission process. To accomplish this goal, we have developed and tested a set of dual-fission ionization chambers to provide an accurate determination of the number of fissions occurring in a thick target located in the middle plane of the chamber assembly. Details of the fission chamber and its performance are presented along with neutron beam production and characterization. Also presented are studies on the background issues associated with room-return and off-energy neutron production. We show that the off-energy neutron contribution can be significant, but correctable, while room-return neutron background levels contribute less than 1 % to the fission signal.

Dual-fission chamber and neutron beam characterization for fission product yield measurements using monoenergetic neutrons

We report on features of high-pressure 3He–Xe gas scintillators which have not been sufficiently addressed in the past. Such gas scintillators can be used not only for the efficient detection of low-energy neutrons but at the same time for the detection and identification of γ ‐ rays as well. Furthermore, 3He–Xe gas scintillators are also very convenient detectors for fast neutrons in the 1–10 MeV energy range and for high-energy γ ‐ rays in the 7–15 MeV energy range. Due to their linear pulse-height response and self calibration via the 3He(n,p)3H reaction, neutron and γ ‐ ray energies can easily be determined in this high-energy regime.

High-pressure 3He-Xe gas scintillators for simultaneous detection of neutrons and gamma rays over a large energy range

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High-pressure 3He-Xe gas scintillators for simultaneous detection of neutrons and gamma rays over a large energy range