Several insect pests are related to the cultivation of conilon coffee, Coffea canephora (Rubiaceae), including (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha). Coccoids damage plants by sucking their sap, producing honeydew, and transmitting viruses. Parasitoids and predators are natural enemies that regulate the insect population and can be used in mealybug biological control. This study aimed to survey scale insects and natural enemies associated with C. canephora in the city of Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil. Two species of mealybugs from the family Coccidae and three from the family Pseudococcidae were collected in different plant structures. Natural enemies collected comprised hymenopteran parasitoids from the families Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, Encyrtidae, and Perilampidae; predator beetles of the family Coccinellidae; dipterans from the family Cecidomyiidae; and thrips of the family Aeolothripidae. This is the first report of the mealybug species Coccus brasiliensis, Pseudococcus longispinus, and Pseudococcus cryptus; of the parasitoids Coccophagus rusti, Aprostocetus sp., Aenasius advena, Aenasius fusciventris, Aenasius pseudococci, and Perilampus sp.; and of the predators Cycloneda conjugata, Pseudoazya nana, Diadiplosis coccidivora, Diadiplosis sp., and Franklinothrips vespiformis, associated with C. canephora. Knowledge of mealybug species and their respective natural enemies will contribute to biological control strategies in planning the integrated management of mealybugs associated with conilon coffee.

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/4/829/pdf?version=1680607546

Scale Insects and Natural Enemies Associated with Conilon Coffee (Coffea canephora) in São Paulo State, Brazil

.— A survey of the parasitoid species of black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier), in California central valley olive orchards revealed that two recently imported parasitoids, Prococcophagus probus Annecke & Mynhardt and Coccophagus rusti Compere, have become established. These South African parasitoids were released from 1979 to 1983. During the release period, neither parasitoid was recovered. However, subsequent to the release, surveys of distribution of these species revealed that both had become established. In the first survey (1984-1987), 23 commercial olive orchards located in Tehama, Glenn, Madera, and Tulare Counties, were sampled. A second survey (1988-1990) included seven olive orchards located in Tehama and Madera Counties, and black scale infestations on selected ornamental olive and oleander plants in Tehama, Colusa, Sutter, Glenn, and Butte Counties. Prococcophagus probus and C. rusti were reared from black scale infested olive and oleander plants in Tehama County. Recovery of these species, over the three years after the last release, provides evidence of their establishment in the Sacramento Valley.

Parasitoids of black scale in california: establishment of prococcophagus probus

We have observed a significant enhancement in the energy deposition and secondary particle generation by 25–100 GeV photons in a 1 cm thick tungsten crystal oriented along its 〈111〉 lattice axes. At 100 GeV, this enhancement, with respect to that observed without axial alignment, is more than twofold. This is ascribed to the acceleration of the electromagnetic shower development by the strong axial electric field. Previous studies of the enhancement of electromagnetic interactions by coherent effects in this energy range have generally made use of samples of thickness 1 mm or less. Our results, obtained with a 1 cm thick crystal, could be crucial in the development of high-performance photon absorbers, ultra-compact electromagnetic calorimeters and beam dumps for use at the energy and intensity frontiers.

Experimental evidence of strong electromagnetic shower enhancement induced by high-energy photons in a thick oriented tungsten crystal

Introduction: Visible to near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy is an incredibly important and useful tool for the identification and characterization of minerals and mineral assemblages across planetary bodies. Of particular interest is the potential to quantitatively analyze remote sensing VNIR reflectance data that cover a wide area (e.g., the 18 m/pixel spatial resolution of the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) targeted images [1]) and therefore likely contain a combination of minerals over that area. Thus, the spectra gathered by remote sensing instruments reflect mixtures of minerals that we would like to deconvolve into its endmember abundances. This spectral unmixing is often done by employing radiative transfer theory, which requires knowledge of the real and imaginary indices of refraction (n and k, respectively) for the minerals of interest, which are also often referred to as optical constants. Using these optical constants for a mineral, paired with a chosen grain size, the bulk single scattering albedo (SSA) can be determined. From there, SSA spectra can be combined linearly to produce spectra that match the remote sensing data. Unfortunately, optical constants have not yet been derived for many minerals. To facilitate more accurate modeling of carbonatebearing areas on Mars, we are building on the library of optical constants presented in [2 and 3] to include a suite of carbonate minerals: calcite (Ca-carbonate), aragonite (Ca-carbonate), magnesite (Mg-carbonate), siderite (Fe-carbonate), and rhodochrosite (Mncarbonate). We are using the MATLAB code documented in [4]. In this abstract, we present preliminary n and k results for calcite. Samples and Data Collection: Sample preparation: Each of the samples was sieved into three size fractions: 45-63 μm, 63-90 μm, and 90-125 μm. The samples were crushed into powder using a mortar and pestle and then dry-sieved into the three size fractions. After the initial sieving, the samples were dry-sieved once more before being washed with pure ethanol to remove residual fines. After drying the samples were dry-sieved one last time to verify the size fractionation. VNIR data collection: VNIR spectra were collected using the ASD FieldSpec3 Max spectrometer at Stony Brook University. The incidence angle of the light (i) was held constant at 45°, while the emergence angle (e) varied from 0° to -60° at 10° intervals, resulting in the following phase angles (g = i + |e|): 45°, 55°, 65°, 75°, 85°, 95°, and 105°. The sample was held a constant distance away from both the light source and detector at every angle. We optimized the detector and gathered a white reference for every angle and sample. As an improvement on the setup described in [2 and 3], we have added a small table that spins at a constant rate of 4 revolutions per minute to acquire a more accurate mean sample spectrum compared to the previous protocol of manually rotating the sample cup four times during data collection. Data calibration: After collection, the data were corrected to account for changes in the absolute reflectance of the Spectralon standard over time and according to [5] to correct for photometric effects of the Spectralon standard.

Vnir optical constants for a diverse suite of carbonate minerals

Introduction: Not only does the planetary science community lack diversity [1-3], the subset of the community that participates on planetary spacecraft mission science teams is even less diverse than the community as a whole [1, 4]. Results of 2020 Workforce Survey: The April 2020 survey of Planetary Scientists, which was conducted by the Statistical Research Center of the American Institute of Physics (AIP) and funded by the American Astronomical Society (AAS)’s Division of Planetary Science (DPS) asked participants how many times they had been involved in Research, Instrument, or Mission proposals as a Principal Investigator (PI) and, separately, as a Co-Investigator (CoI) [1]. They found that most respondents had been involved in a research proposal as a PI (93%) and CoI (93%) while fewer respondents had been involved in an instrument proposal (23% as PI, 39% as CoI) or mission proposal (16% as PI, 31% as CoI). Note: these numbers are based on preliminary data. Answers to questions about mission involvement were correlated with answers to demographic questions and the results show that members of historically represented groups were more likely to be involved in spacecraft mission proposals than were non-white scientists, scientists who are disabled, members of the

In planetary spacecraft mission science teams.

Introduction Tuberculosis is still a challenging disease, infecting around a third of the world’s population. As comorbidity with mental disorder is common, it is relevant to associate them at a diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic level. Objectives We present a clinical case describing a patient with psychosis, further diagnosed with tuberculosis during psychiatric treatment. Moreover, we present a summarized revision of the state of the art. Methods Revision of the state of the art, drawing from PubMed and using the keywords “mental health”, “psychosis” and “tuberculosis”, in the last 10 years. Results Male, 61 years old, heavy smoker and alcohol drinker. Admitted for allegedly feeling “worms” in his body. After medical examination, a weight loss of 13 kg in five months and symptoms compatible with tenesmus stood out. Following diagnostic tests, the patient was diagnosed with Ekbom Syndrome and Ganglionar Tuberculosis; he was then medicated with the adequate antipsychotic and tuberculostatic agents, which resulted in overall clinical improvement. Conclusions This case illustrates the relationship between tuberculosis and mental disorders, in a patient with a low literacy level and a precarious socioeconomic background, known risk factors for mental disorder in patients with tuberculosis and are often associated with poor therapeutic adherence. Although proper treatment of the mental disorder is key to reducing the risk of tuberculostatic dropout, the stigma of mental disorder and tuberculosis decreases the probability of these patients seeking proper treatment. Thus, we alert the medical community for the possibility of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with diagnosed tuberculosis – and vice-versa –, allowing for an early intervention, Disclosure No significant relationships.

Delusional disorder and tuberculosis: A clinical case

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