Intelligent devices, when subjected to multiple interactions, tend to generate electromagnetic pollution, which can disrupt the normal functioning of electronic components. Ferrite, which acts as a microwave-absorbing material (MAM), offers a promising strategy to overcome this issue. To further enhance the microwave absorption properties of ferrite MAM, numerous works have been conducted, including ion doping and combining with other materials. Notably, the microstructure is also key factor that affects the microwave absorption properties of ferrite-based MAM. Thus, this article provides a comprehensive overview of research progress on the influence of the microstructure on ferrite-based MAM. MAMs with sheet and layered structures are also current important research directions. For core-shell structure composites, the solid core-shell structure, hollow core-shell structure, yolk-eggshell structure, and non-spherical core-shell structure are introduced. For porous composites, the biomass porous structure and other porous structures are presented. Finally, the development trends are summarized, and prospects for the structure design and preparation of high-performance MAMs are predicted.

Progress and Challenges of Ferrite Matrix Microwave Absorption Materials

Due to the high surface activity, excellent hydrophilicity, and thermal stability, alumina (Al2O3) ceramic materials are extensively employed as modified additives for separator materials and solid-state electrolytes to construct lithium-ion batteries with high safety and high energy density. This review delves into the progress on the utilization of Al2O3 in separator materials and solid-state electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries, elucidating the action mechanism of Al2O3 and its specific roles in various manufacturing processes. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of Al2O3 in practical applications are outlined, providing strategies for the manufacture of high-performance lithium-ion batteries. 

The application of Al2O3 in separators and solid electrolytes of lithium-ion battery: A review

The porous spherical alumina (γ-Al2O3) as catalyst support was prepared by sol-gel method, and FeCl3/γ-Al2O3 materials were prepared by impregnation method. The FeCl3/γ-Al2O3 materials were used as catalyst in the Solketal production process by acetalization of acetone and glycerol, showing considerable catalytic performance. When the molar ratio of glycerol and acetone was 1 : 10, 0.2 mol% FeCl3/γ-Al2O3 was used as the catalyst, and the reaction was carried out at 25 °C for 30 min, the conversion of glycerol was 99.89 %, the selectivity of Solketal was 98.36 %, and the yield of Solketal reached 98.25 %. The mechanism is due to the spherical γ-Al2O3 support has high thermal stability, large specific surface area, and rich pore structure, encouraging abundant active sites and high catalytic activity of FeCl3 for the acetalization reaction. Thereafter, the experimental results prove that the prepared FeCl3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst can be easily recovered and reused many times, indicating its great value for large-scale research and application in the future. 

Efficient Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone Catalyzed by FeCl
 3
 /γ‐Al
 2
 O
 3
 **

In situ aluminide armored polyimide nanofiber separators with ultrahigh strength and high wettability for advanced lithium-ion batteries

Abstract Separator plays multiple roles in the performance and safety of lithium‐ion batteries owing to the lower conductivity of the organic electrolyte and the hyperactive electrode materials. However, the commercial polyolefin separator suffers from the poor thermal stability, weak electrolyte‐wettability, low porosity as well as the demanding and costly manufacturing. Herein, we demonstrate the facial synthesis of a sponge‐like, isotropic, polyimide‐based separator by phase inversion, which possessed the higher electrolyte‐saturating conductivity (1.74 mS cm −1 ) and ion transference number (0.81) besides its excellent wettability and thermal stability. Meanwhile, the bearable stress was further promoted by 60 % with the 30 wt % epoxy‐strengthening tactic and the high porosity (67 %) and conductivity (1.47 mS cm −1 ) still preserved. Additionally, an overcharge‐sensitive PI separator was further developed by combining the conductive copolymer of coumarin‐triphenylamine by virtue of the eminent processability of PI, which demonstrated the outstanding voltage‐restraining capability for LiFePO 4 ‐based cell during overcharge. Therefore, polyimide‐based separator could be a quite promising candidate due to its facile manufacturing, preferable performance and versatile functionalizing. 

Facile Preparation of Higher Conductivity Porous Polyimide‐based Separators by Phase Inversion and its Overcharge‐sensitive Modification for Lithium‐ion Batteries

Owing to its excellent thermal stability, polyimide (PI) is regarded as one of the most promising alternatives among separators for high-safety lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Unfortunately, the wettability of the PI separator to electrolytes is still undesirable. The complexation–hydrolyzation method was used to develop a composite membrane with a core–shell structure that anchors γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles on PI nanofiber (PI@γ-Al2O3) as an LIB separator. The effects of surface treatment on the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of PI composite membranes are studied in detail, using the pristine PI nanofiber membrane as a reference. The results show that the PI@γ-Al2O3 nanofiber membrane exhibits better physicochemical properties and electrochemical performances. Specifically, the wettability property of the PI@γ-Al2O3 nanofiber membrane is improved with an almost zero contact angle, which significantly meets the requirements of high-performance LIBs. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of the PI@γ-Al2O3 nanofiber membrane also shows excellent comprehensive properties with the ionic conductivity improving from 0.81 to 1.74 mS cm–1. Besides, the PI@γ-Al2O3 nanofiber membrane maintains a long charge–discharge process with a capacity retention rate of 98% at 0.5 C after 100 cycles. Consequently, the aforementioned excellent performances illustrate that core–shell PI@γ-Al2O3 nanofiber membranes have a promising future for the safety and stability of LIBs. 

Core–Shell Structured Polyimide@γ-Al2O3 Nanofiber Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries

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Core–Shell Structured Polyimide@γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanofiber Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries