The current investigation shows a possible new pathway for more efficient and cost-effective energy-harvesting photovoltaic devices. Our approach could permit all emerging technologies that are currently used for indoors and smart buildings to go a step forward and could be used for outdoor applications. The investigated architecture is a very promising geometry especially for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). It turns their main drawback, the lowering of their efficiency and lifetime when operating at high solar irradiation density, into an asset by increasing the total active area per horizontal unit area for light harvesting, while preserving the active elements from degradation and extending durable lifetime. The investigated architecture is based on a symmetric “U” type geometry, which is constructed by a highly reflective material on the inner surface. Solar irradiation is reflected internally at the bottom of the construction and splits towards two opposite sided solar cells; the two cells form a cavity where the solar light multiplies and is successively absorbed. Consequently, the vertically incoming irradiation is reduced when reaching the vertical internal sides on which the DSSCs are mounted. Thus, the solar cells operate at low light intensities, which provide significant lifetime extension and efficiency enhancement. Interestingly, the electrical energy per effective surface unit, which is produced by the two vertical DSSCs, is at least equal to that of a standalone, vertically irradiated cell. The advantage of the new architecture is that protects DSSCs from their degradation and deterioration, although the entire system operates under high illumination. This makes the cells more efficient outdoors, with a comparable performance to indoor conditions.

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A New Type of Architecture of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells as an Alternative Pathway to Outdoor Photovoltaics

Treatment of the ZnO and TiO2 Thin Films by Electric Field in Plasma Sheath to Improve the Metal-Dye Electronic Coupling in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

A solar cell is an electrical device used to convert the energy of sunlight directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon. One type of solar cells that uses plant dyes is the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The DSSC is in the form of a structural arrangement known as a sandwich structure, consisting of conductive glass as transparent electrode, titanium dioxide (TiO2) sensitized by plant dyes, electrolyte, and a metal electrode as a counter electrode. The paper aims to study the effect of TiO2 thickness on DSSC performance utilizing red dragon fruit flesh extract as a dye. Three variations in the thickness of the TiO2 layer evenly positioned in the conductive area are tested. The thicknesses of the TiO2 layer are 99 µm, 129 µm and 141 µm respectively. The DSSC performance is tested outdoors with sunny weather conditions from 9:30 am to 1:30 pm. A calibrated Arduino measurement kit is used to measure the voltage and current values produced by the DSSC prototype. Testing with a thickness of 141μm resulted in the highest maximum power value of 532.26 mW among the three thickness variations.

Effect of Titanium Dioxide Thickness on Performance of DSSC Solar Cell Using Red Dragon Fruit Dye

Performance analysis of dye-sensitized solar cells with various MgO-ZnO mixed photoanodes prepared by wet powder mixing and grinding

The photovoltaic performance of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) could be optimized by playing the working area of the mesoporous TiO2 photoanode. A small working area will enhance the photovoltage and power conversion efficiency. In comparison, a large working area will improve the recombination rate and reduce the photon particle transport rate at the photoanode. The TiO2 based photoanode layer consists of a blocking layer and mesoporous paste deposited using spin coating and screen printing technique, respectively with various working areas of 0.25, 0.30, and 0.56 cm2. The cells were characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and solar simulator. XRD confirmed that the TiO2 was in the anatase phase. SEM image represented a high surface area of mesoporous TiO2 indicated by porosity level up to 70%. The elemental analysis of TiO2 using EDX observed the presence of Ti and O peaks. The TiO2 mesoporous-based photoanode immersed in 0.07 mM of N719 solution possessed an absorbance range in the ultraviolet to the visible light. The working area of 0.25 cm2 exhibited a promising power conversion efficiency of 2.02% with a circuit current density of 10.8 mA/cm2 under an illumination light of 100 mW/cm2.

Photovoltaic Performance of TiO2 Mesoporous Films with Different Working Areas for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Comprehensive performance analysis of dye-sensitized solar cells using single layer TiO2 photoanode deposited using screen printing technique

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Comprehensive performance analysis of dye-sensitized solar cells using single layer TiO2 photoanode deposited using screen printing technique