Estimates are assembled for England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, and for Britain and Ireland as a whole, of the numbers of religious houses, regular clergy, parishes, towns of more than 2,000 inhabitants, and townspeople, and the value of dutiable exports and volume of currency at the watershed date of c.1290. Absolute and relative levels of economic development are then compared. A range of possible population estimates are considered and corresponding set of per capita estimates thereby derived. The results highlight significant differences in the pattern of economic development between and within these four countries.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/ehr_407.pdf?abstractid=1276710&mirid=4

Benchmarking medieval economic development: England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, c.12901

T recent and related historiographical developments have prompted historians concerned with the fortunes of the English colony in medieval Ireland to consider their subject in wider geographical and conceptual contexts. The first, the British Isles approach, has deepened understanding of the impulses behind the initial English intervention in the island and the nature of the colonial settlement that resulted from it. The second, the English world perspective, has sought to include Ireland in an analysis of the various ways in which English power in northwest Europe was expressed in the late Middle Ages.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S002193710000112X

Late Medieval Ireland and the English Connection: Waterford and Bristol, ca. 1360–1460

The nature and development of late medieval town government remains an extremely controversial issue amongst urban historians. Was this, as some claim, a time of growing exclusivity and oligarchy or was it an era of increasing popular participation in town government? Was urban political conflict, particularly that of the communitas against the mercantile oligarchy, the inevitable result of opposing class interests or were shared ideological norms and a sense of civic community effective in legitimating the authority of town rulers and minimising conflict? Is the concept of ‘oligarchy’ itself a loaded anachronism when applied to a society which saw the rule of the rich as ‘aristocratic’ (i.e. rule by the ‘better sort’ for the ‘common profit’) rather than as ‘oligarchic’ (i.e rule by the self-interested few)? Did urban political conflicts revolve around the corruption of individual rulers rather than issues of political principle or a desire for structural change in town government? the extent of self-government The survival of the records of civic administration generated by the self-governing royal boroughs has tended to give a misleading impression of late medieval town government. In fact, in England, only a minority of towns achieved the degree of autonomy enjoyed by royal towns such as York and Winchester, where the burgesses elected their own mayor and bailiffs to govern the town, to collect royal revenues and account for the fee-farm, and to administer justice in the borough court. By the thirteenth century, many of these self-governing towns had acquired a ‘mayor's council’ but, in the later middle ages, many added a second or ‘common’ council.

Government, power and authority, 1300-1540

This thesis uses belt fittings excavated from fifteen of the major towns and cities of late medieval England and is the first national survey of dress accessories from the urban centres of this period. This research moves beyond the identification and categorisation of these objects, which have been the traditional foci of studies of this type, to examine the wider social significance of dress accessories within contemporary late medieval society. The themes explored include the regional variation between the assemblages and the significance of this in terms of the expression of regional identities; the changes in production techniques and technology for the manufacture of dress accessories and the related changes in dress and its social perception from the mid-thirteenth century; the significance of dress accessories within a funerary context; the use of the acorn as a repeated decorative motif and the significance of this within the construction, maintenance and manipulation of personal identities; and the use of text on belts and belt fittings and importance of this in the construction of the symbolism of the belt within late medieval society. An interdisciplinary approach is used throughout which combines the material evidence with other forms of archaeological, literary, historical, and art historical evidence in order to place the dress accessories within their wider social context.

The social significance of late medieval dress accessories

This work is a study of continuity and change in Nottingham between 1400 and 1600. It looks first at the property, market, streets and common lands of the town before examining population trends. It investigates the social structure of the town, the wealth (or otherwise) of the people and the occupations they followed. The administration of Nottingham is also considered, in particular its institutions: the Council, the courts and presentment juries, and the networks and relationships which bind them together. It also looks at real and potential challenges to the authority of these institutions and incidents of social unrest. 

Finally, the research also identifies some of the stimuli to change, such as national economic and demographic trends and the mid-sixteenth century imposition of the Reformation.

/pdf/continuity-and-change-the-town-people-and-administration-of-51o7ez05rs.pdf

Continuity and Change: The town, people and administration of Nottingham between c.1400 and c.1600

Medieval Southampton: The Port and Trading Community, A.D. 1000-1600

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Medieval Southampton: The Port and Trading Community, A.D. 1000-1600