The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window into Human Nature

The influence of social cues in persuasive social robots on psychological reactance and compliance

Numerous researches have studied the development of robotics, especially socially assistive robots (SAR), including the NAO robot This small humanoid robot has a great potential in social assistance The NAO robot’s features and capabilities, such as motricity, functionality, and affective capacities, have been studied in various contexts The principal aim of this study is to gather every research that has been done using this robot to see how the NAO can be used and what could be its potential as a SAR Articles using the NAO in any situation were found searching PSYCHINFO, Computer and Applied Sciences Complete and ACM Digital Library databases The main inclusion criterion was that studies had to use the NAO robot Studies comparing it with other robots or intervention programs were also included Articles about technical improvements were excluded since they did not involve concrete utilisation of the NAO Also, duplicates and articles with an important lack of information on sample were excluded A total of 51 publications (1895 participants) were included in the review Six categories were defined: social interactions, affectivity, intervention, assisted teaching, mild cognitive impairment/dementia, and autism/intellectual disability A great majority of the findings are positive concerning the NAO robot Its multimodality makes it a SAR with potential

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Socially assistive robots : the specific case of the NAO

This work explores the extent to which social dialogue can mitigate (or exacerbate) the loss of trust caused when robots make conversational errors. Our study uses a NAO robot programmed to persuade users to agree with its rankings on two tasks. We perform two manipulations: (1) The timing of conversational errors – the robot exhibited errors either in the first task, the second task, or neither; (2) The presence of social dialogue – between the two tasks, users either engaged in a social dialogue with the robot or completed a control task. We found that the timing of the errors matters: replicating previous research, conversational errors reduce the robot’s influence in the second task, but not on the first task. Social dialogue interacts with the timing of errors, acting as an intensifier: social dialogue helps the robot recover from prior errors, and actually boosts subsequent influence; but social dialogue backfires if it is followed by errors, because it extends the period of good performance, creating a stronger contrast effect with the subsequent errors. The design of social robots should therefore be more careful to avoid errors after periods of good performance than early on in a dialogue.

Getting to Know Each Other: The Role of Social Dialogue in Recovery from Errors in Social Robots

This paper systemically reviews and clarifies the state-of-the-art HRI evaluation studies especially for the usability of social robots. A total of 36 articles were collected through a keyword, abstract, title search from various online search engines. Afterwards, 163 measures were selected and reviewed carefully. This research was classified into two parts. In the first part, evaluation methodologies were investigated according to (1) type of stimuli on evaluation, (2) evaluation technique, and (3) criteria of participants. In the second part, assessment measures were collected and the model of attitude towards a social robot is proposed. As a result, this study suggests practical strategies for selecting appropriate methods and measures that meet specific requirements of research. The proposed hierarchical structure of assessment measures is expected to contribute to both practical use and academic use.

Evaluation of Methodologies and Measures on the Usability of Social Robots: A Systematic Review

The use of indirect language is considered useful for persuading people in human communication. The aim of this research is to determine whether this also occurs within human-robot interaction. Thus, it is hypothesized that indirect language will have greater influence in attitude changes towards a product in comparison to direct language. A seven-point semantic differential scale was employed to measure participants attitude changes towards a product advertised by a Nao Robot using either direct or indirect speech. Results showed no significant differences between the direct and indirect language experimental conditions. This may indicate that in human-robot interaction indirect language may not function similarly as it does in human communication. A larger sample size and improvements in stimuli are suggested for future works.

Effects of Using Indirect Language by a Robot to Change Human Attitudes

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Effects of Using Indirect Language by a Robot to Change Human Attitudes