Sustainable hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/xyloglucan/gentamicin films with antimicrobial properties

Bayberry is an attractive, nutritious, and popular fruit in China. The plant fungal pathogen Pestalotiopsis versicolor XJ27 is the causative agent of bayberry twig blight disease, which severely affects bayberry production. Traditional control techniques, such as chemical fungicides, are being used to control this disease; however, these techniques cause environmental and health hazards. In this study, we screened sweet potato rhizospheric bacteria with biocontrol potentials against P. versicolor XJ27, the bayberry twig blight pathogen. Ten isolates showed inhibition; Bacillus siamensis S3 and Bacillus tequilensis S5 showed the highest fungal growth inhibition. The antagonistic bacterial culture suspensions of S3 and S5 inhibited the mycelial growth by 82.9% and 76.2%, respectively. Their extracellular culture filtrates had mycelial growth inhibition of 86.8% and 82.2%, respectively. In detached leaf assay, the extracellular culture filtrates of S3 and S5 inhibited the size of the leaf lesion by 82.3% and 76.2%, respectively. SEM and TEM imaging showed a severe hyphal-damaged structure caused by the antagonistic bacteria. The fungal inhibition mechanisms might employ the hydrolytic enzymes and lipopeptides produced by the bacteria. Both the S3 and S5 have chitinase and protease activity; they produce a series of lipopeptides such as surfactin, iturin, and mycosubtilin. Therefore, we can suggest these bacteria as biocontrol agents for bayberry twig blight disease as an alternative to fungicides based upon their attributes of antifungal activity.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1811/pdf

Antifungal Effects of Rhizospheric Bacillus Species Against Bayberry Twig Blight Pathogen Pestalotiopsis versicolor

Magnetically triggered release of amoxicillin from xanthan/Fe3O4/albumin patches.

/pdf/lichenysin-geminal-amino-acid-based-surfactants-synergistic-2ebcf5gijv.pdf

Lichenysin-geminal amino acid-based surfactants: Synergistic action of an unconventional antimicrobial mixture.

Antibiotic resistance requires alternatives to fight multi-drug resistant strains. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) act by disrupting or solubilizing microbial cell walls or membranes in accordance with mechanisms difficult to counteract from the microbe’s point of view. In this review, structure–activity relationships for AMPs and their assemblies are discussed, considering not only their self-assembly but also their interactions with their carriers for optimal delivery or their combinations with other complementary antimicrobials or moieties covalently bound to their chemical structure. The effect of the formulations on AMP activity is also evaluated, revealing a myriad of possibilities. Depending on the interaction forces between the AMP, the carrier, or the elements added to the formulations, AMP activity can be reduced, enhanced, or remain unaffected. Approaches protecting AMPs against proteolysis may also reduce their activity.

Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Assemblies

Cyclic lipopeptides are produced by a soil Bacillus megaterium strain and several other Bacillus species. In this work, they are detected both in the Bacillus intact cells and the cells culture medium by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The cyclic lipopeptides self-assemble in water media producing negatively charged and large aggregates (300–800 nm of mean hydrodynamic radius) as evaluated by dynamic light scattering and zeta-potential analysis. The aggregate size depends on pH and ionic strength. However, it is not affected by changes in the osmolarity of the outer medium suggesting the absence of an internal aqueous compartment despite the occurrence of low molecular weight phospholipids in their composition as determined from inorganic phosphorus analysis. The activity against a sensitive Bacillus cereus strain was evaluated from inhibition halos and B. cereus lysis. Essential features determining the antibiotic activity on susceptible Bacillus cereus cells are the preserved cyclic moiety conferring cyclic lipopeptides resistance to proteases and the medium pH. The aggregates are inactive per se at the pH of the culture medium which is around 6 or below. The knock out of the sensitive cells only takes place when the aggregates are disassembled due to a high negative charge at pH above 6.

/pdf/the-self-assembly-of-a-cyclic-lipopeptides-mixture-secreted-1df9ks5954.pdf

The self-assembly of a cyclic lipopeptides mixture secreted by a B. megaterium strain and its implications on activity against a sensitive Bacillus species.

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The self-assembly of a cyclic lipopeptides mixture secreted by a B. megaterium strain and its implications on activity against a sensitive Bacillus species.