This article summarizes the historical development of major advances in humancomputer interaction technology, emphasizing the pivotal role of university research in the advancement of the field.

/pdf/a-brief-history-of-human-computer-interaction-technology-2qibkiiik0.pdf

A brief history of human-computer interaction technology

The Amulet user interface development environment makes it easier for programmers to create highly interactive, graphical user interface software for Unix, Windows and the Macintosh. Amulet uses new models for objects, constraints, animation, input, output, commands, and undo. The object system is a prototype instance model in which there is no distinction between classes and instances or between methods and data. The constraint system allows any value of any object to be computed by arbitrary code and supports multiple constraint solvers. Animations can be attached to existing objects with a single line of code. Input from the user is handled by "interactor" objects which support reuse of behavior objects. The output model provides a declarative definition of the graphics and supports automatic refresh. Command objects encapsulate all of the information needed about operations, including support for various ways to undo them. A key feature of the Amulet design is that all graphical objects and behaviors of those objects are explicitly represented at run time, so the system can provide a number of high level built-in functions, including automatic display and editing of objects, and external analysis and control of interfaces. Amulet integrates these capabilities in a flexible and effective manner.

/pdf/the-amulet-environment-new-models-for-effective-user-4v0mxdya8r.pdf

The Amulet environment: new models for effective user interface software development

https://xml.coverpages.org/PhanouriouETD.pdf

Uiml: a device-independent user interface markup language

The Interface Model is central to all model-based user interface software tools This report investigates the different use of declarative models as a part of the Interface Model in modelbased interface development environments Furthermore, we introduce definitions for the different declarative models The report concludes with a description of an ontology of declarative models for future model-based interface development environments

Model-based User Interface Software Tools - Current State of Declarative Models

Adding animation to interfaces is a very difficult task withtoday’s toolkits, even though there are many situations inwhich it would be useful and effective. The Amulet toolkitcontains a new form of animation constraint that allowsanimations to be added to interfaces extremely easily with-out changing the logic of the application or the graphicalobjects themselves. An animation constraint detectschanges to the value of the slot to which it is attached, andcauses the slot to instead take on a series of values interpo-lated between the original and new values. The advantageover previous approaches is that animation constraintsprovide significantly better modularity and reuse. Theprogrammer has independent control over the graphics tobe animated, the start and end values of the animation, thepath through value space, and the timing of the animation.Animations can be attached to any object, even existingwidgets from the toolkit, and any type of value can beanimated: scalars, coordinates, fonts, colors, line widths,point lists (for polygons), booleans (for visibility), etc. Alibrary of useful animation constraints is provided in thetoolkit, including support for exaggerated, cartoon-styleeffects such as slow-in-slow-out, anticipation, and follow-through. Because animations can be added to an existingapplication with only a single extra line of code, we expectthat this new mechanism will make it easy for researchersand developers to investigate the use of animations in awide variety of applications.Keywords: Animation, Constraints, Toolkits, User Inter-face Development Environments, Amulet.To appear in UIST’96: ACM Symposium onUser Interface Software and Technology, Nov.6-8, 1996. Seattle, WAINTRODUCTIONBy providing better modularity for the software for userinterfaces, the Amulet toolkit [8] achieves increased reuseand decreased code size, and makes it easier for research-ers and developers to create applications. For example, inAmulet, the interactive behavior of objects can be definedentirely independently from their graphical look by attach-ing “Interactor” objects to the graphics. Command obje cts[9] encapsulate the complete information about operations,and can be hierarchically linked so each application layercan be separately defined. We have followed this philoso-phy in our new support for animations and other time-based behaviors. The goal is to make simple animationsextremely easy to add to an interface, and still supportcomplex animations. This is achieved by allowing theanimations to be defined independently from the actionsthat start the animation and the graphics that are ani-mated. Furthermore, the animation itself is modularized:the start and end values of the animation, the path throughthe value space, and the timing of the animation can all beindependently specified.We are able to provide this new level of modularity by us-ing the flexible Amulet constraint system. If an animationconstraint is attached to a slot (instance variable) of anobject, then changes to that slot trigger the animation,causing the slot’s value to change smoothly from its old toits new value. For example, if a slot contains 10 and is setto be 100, an animation constraint might immediatelyoverride the value and set the slot with 11, and then set theslot with a series of values up to 100 over a period of twoseconds. Since there are a wide variety of parameterizedanimation constraints provided in the library, an anima-tion can be added to an existing interface with a single lineof code. All the messy details of timing, redrawing, set-upand clean-up of animations, and interactions with otherparts of the system, are automatically handled by the ani-mation constraint mechanism.We are particularly interested in the use of animations toenhance interaction in regular user interfaces. Althoughanimations are widely used in games and specializedvisualization software ([10] has a survey), their use in con-ventional interfaces is limited to a few predefined cases,

Easily adding animations to interfaces using constraints

The Amulet User Interface Development Environment contains a comprehensive set of tools that make it significantly easier to design and implement highly interactive, graphical, direct manipulation user interfaces. Applications implemented in Amulet will run without modification on Unix, PC, and Macintosh platforms. Amulet provides a high level of support, while still being Look-and-Feel independent and providing applications with tremendous flexibility. Amulet currently provides a low-level toolkit layer, which is an object-oriented, constraint-based graphical system that allows properties of graphical objects to be specified in a simple, declarative manner, and then maintained automatically by the system. The dynamic, interactive behavior of the objects can be specified separately by attaching high-level "interactor" objects to the graphics. Higher-level tools, such as the Gilt interface builder, allow parts of the user interface to be layed out without programming. The Amulet toolkit is available for unlimited distribution by anonymous FTP or WWW. Amulet uses X/11 on Unixbased systems, the native Windows NT or Windows 95 toolkit on PCs, and standard Quickdraw on the Macintosh. This document contains an overview of Amulet with download and installation instructions, a tutorial, and a full set of reference manuals for the Amulet system.

/pdf/the-amulet-v3-0-reference-manual-4ra7cmrrny.pdf

The Amulet V3.0 Reference Manual

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Bruce Kyle

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

The Amulet V3.0 Reference Manual