Partition mechanism of F plasmid: Two plasmid gene-encoded products and a cis-acting region are involved in partition

Subcellular Distribution of Actively Partitioning F Plasmid during the Cell Division Cycle in E. coli

Partition of unit-copy miniplasmids to daughter cells: I. P1 and F miniplasmids contain discrete, interchangeable sequences sufficient to promote equipartition

One of the regions responsible for the stable inheritance of the broad-host-range plasmid RK2 is contained within the PstI C fragment, located from coordinates 30.8 to 37.0 kb (P.N. Saurugger, O. Hrabak, H. Schwab, and R.M. Lafferty, J. Biotechnol. 4:333-343, 1986). Genetic analysis of this 6.2-kb region demonstrated that no function was present that stabilized by selectively killing plasmid-free segregants. The sequence from 36.0 to 37.0 kb mediated a twofold increase in plasmid copy number, but this region was not required for stabilization activity. The PstI C fragment was shown to encode a multimer resolution system from 33.1 to 35.3 kb. The resolution cis-acting site was mapped to 140 bp, sequenced, and observed to contain two directly repeated sequences of 6 and 7 bases and two perfect inverted repeats of 6 and 8 bases. The trans-acting factor(s) was mapped and functionally determined to encode a resolvase capable of catalyzing recombination at high frequency between cis-acting sites in either direct or inverted orientation. Multimer resolution alone did not account for complete plasmid stabilization by the PstI C fragment, since removal of regions adjacent to the 35.3-kb border of the minimal mrs locus dramatically reduced stabilization. The minimal region required for complete stabilization, from 32.8 to 35.9 kb, was capable of fully stabilizing plasmids independently of the replicon or the recA proficiency of the host. Stabilization activity was also fully expressed in several diverse gram-negative bacteria, whereas the F plasmid par locus functioned only in Escherichia coli. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that under the growth conditions used, the minimal stabilization locus encodes both an mrs activity and a stabilization activity that has the properties of a par locus.

Genetic characterization of the stabilizing functions of a region of broad-host-range plasmid RK2.

Control of cell division by sex factor F in Escherichia coli: I. The 42.84–43.6 F segment couples cell division of the host bacteria with replication of plasmid DNA

A proposed system for nomenclature for incompatibility genes of the Escherichia coli sex factor, plasmid F.

Regions on the F plasmid which affect plasmid maintenance and the ability to segregate into Escherichia coli minicells.

Phenotypic and genetic symbols for plasmid copy number mutants.

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A proposed system for nomenclature for incompatibility genes of the Escherichia coli sex factor, plasmid F.

Regions on the F plasmid which affect plasmid maintenance and the ability to segregate into Escherichia coli minicells.

Phenotypic and genetic symbols for plasmid copy number mutants.