Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product.

Vast gaps in available information on the spatial distribution of biodiversity pose a major challenge for regional conservation planning in many parts of the world. This problem is often ad- dressed bybasing suchplanning on variousbiodiversity surrogates. In some situations, distributional datafor selectedtaxamaybeusedassurrogatesforbiodiversityasawhole.However, thisapproach is less effective in data-poor regions, where there may be little choice but to base conservation planning on someform ofremoteenvironmentalmapping,derived, forexample,frominterpretationof satellite imagery or from numerical classiecation of abiotic environmental layers. Although this alternative approach confers obvious beneets in terms of cost-effectiveness and rapidity of application, problems may arise if congruence is poor between mapped land-classes and actual biological distributions. I propose three strategies for making more effective use of available biological data and knowledge to alleviatesuchproblemsby(1)morecloselyintegratingbiologicalandenvironmentaldatathroughpre- dictive modeling, with increased emphasis on modeling collective properties of biodiversity rather than individual entities; (2) making more rigorous use of remotely mapped surrogates in conser- vation planning by incorporating knowledge of heterogeneity within land-classes, and of varying levels of distinctiveness between classes, into measures of conservation priority and achievement; and (3) using relatively data-rich regions as test-beds for evaluating the performance of surrogates that can be readily applied across data-poor regions. (Biodiversity; regional conservation planning; surrogates.)

Mapping spatial pattern in biodiversity for regional conservation planning: Where to from here?

https://www.cedarcreek.umn.edu/biblio/fulltext/Biological_Conservation_2008_Polasky.pdf

Where to put things? Spatial land management to sustain biodiversity and economic returns

Survey: Covering problems in facility location: A review

The authors investigated the influence of goal orientation on sales performance in a longitudinal field study with salespeople. As hypothesized, a learning goal orientation had a positive relationship with sales performance. This relationship was fully mediated by 3 self-regulation tactics: goal setting, effort, and planning. In contrast, a performance goal orientation was unrelated to sales performance. These results suggest that a focus on skill development, even for a veteran workforce, is likely to be associated with higher performance. Management should seek evidence of a learning goal orientation when selecting new employees, while avoiding an excessive focus on performance goal orientation without a comparable skill-development focus.

/pdf/the-influence-of-goal-orientation-and-self-regulation-349ru62qkh.pdf

The Influence of Goal Orientation and Self-Regulation Tactics on Sales Performance: A Longitudinal Field Test

A comparison of reserve selection algorithms using data on terrestrial vertebrates in Oregon

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an application of linear programming which allows a comparison of Decision Making Units (DMU) which share the same operating charter but function in different environments. DEA allows the identification of a •peer group• so that an individual DMU is compared only with DMU's that operate in a similar environment. From the •best• in this peer group, an efficient frontier can be identified. In this paper, we discuss, via mathematical programming, a way of determining alternative possible courses of action for the manager of a DMU that has been deemed inefficient.

/pdf/a-mathematical-programming-method-for-generating-alternative-2dx2qsatl0.pdf

A Mathematical Programming Method for Generating Alternative Managerial Performance Goals After Data Envelopment Analysis

Shigeo Shingo criticizes statistical process control (SPC) and recommends using mistake-proofing (poka-yoke) devices instead for controlling processes. In this article, the authors demonstrate that Shingo's process control techniques - self-checks and s..

Mistake-Proofing and Measurement Control Charts

Failsafing devices (or poka-yok£ devices) are used to inspect the conditions for high quality production (source inspection) or for inspecting work as it is completed to provide the fastest possible feedback ( seJ.t:checks ). These techniques involve 100% inspection and are economical only if the cost of inspection is vecy low. In this research, processes that have attributes as a primary quality characteristic are considered An existing model for the economic design of np-charts will be used to determine how low inspection costs must be before seJ.t:checks become economical An existing model for checking proper operating conditions will be used to find how low the cost of source-inspection must be in order for it to be economical

/pdf/an-economic-analysis-of-inspection-costs-for-failsafing-2zzmbk4cu0.pdf

An Economic Analysis of Inspection Costs for Failsafing Attributes

This article develops a robust, exact algorithm for the maximal covering problem (MCP) using dual-based solution methods and greedy heuristics in branch and bound. Based on tests using randomly generated problems with problem parameters similar to those in the existing literature, the hybrid approach developed in this work appears to be effective over a wide range of MCP model parameters. The method is further validated on problems constructed from three real-world data sets. The extensive computational study compares the new method with other existing exact methods using problems that are as big, or larger than, those used in previous work on MCP. The results show that the proposed method is effective in most instances of MCP. In particular, it is shown that bounding schemes using Lagrangian relaxation are effective on MCP as a method of obtaining both exact and heuristic solutions. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An exact algorithm for the maximal covering problem

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