Battery energy storage power stations (BESPS) play an important role in the power flow regulation in large-scaled micro-grids. It is proposed that the static Var compensator (SVC) be replaced by BESPS through activation of its dynamic voltage regulation (DVR) function so that the cost of SVC can be saved. An additional controller named energy storage coordination controller (ESCC) is needed to support the control algorithm of DVR and coordinate the individual battery energy storage system units. However, communication delay between the ESCC and the commercial BESS units is compounded by the difficulty of measuring the micro-grid (MG) bus voltage by ESCC. These issues should be considered in the design of the BESPS controller to avoid compromising the micro-grid operation. In this paper, we will be investigating model predictive control (MPC), Smith Predictor and PI based control schemes to deal with the communication delay issue. Kalman Filter based observer is designed to monitor the MG bus voltage as a feedback signal of the ESCC. The stability of the proposed method is further discussed and the results using the control hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) testing are presented. 

MPC based Dynamic Voltage Regulation Using Grid-Side BESPS with the Consideration of Communication Delay

Battery energy storage power stations (BESPS) play an important role in the power flow regulation in large-scaled micro-grids. It is proposed that the static Var compensator (SVC) be replaced by BESPS through activation of its dynamic voltage regulation (DVR) function so that the cost of SVC can be saved. An additional controller named energy storage coordination controller (ESCC) is needed to support the control algorithm of DVR and coordinate the individual battery energy storage system units. However, communication delay between the ESCC and the commercial BESS units is compounded by the difficulty of measuring the micro-grid (MG) bus voltage by ESCC. These issues should be considered in the design of the BESPS controller to avoid compromising the micro-grid operation. In this paper, we will be investigating model predictive control (MPC), Smith Predictor and PI based control schemes to deal with the communication delay issue. Kalman Filter based observer is designed to monitor the MG bus voltage as a feedback signal of the ESCC. The stability of the proposed method is further discussed and the results using the control hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) testing are presented.

MPC Based Dynamic Voltage Regulation Using Grid-Side BESPS With the Consideration of Communication Delay

In this paper, a control algorithm is presented which provides a charge/discharge power output with respect to changes in the grid frequency and the ramp-rate limits imposed by the Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation (TEIAS), whilst managing the Battery Energy Storage System’s (BESS) State-of-charge (SOC) to maximize the use of the available energy capacity. A new control algorithm is developed to provide coordinated reactive power support along with grid frequency support, which is one of the grid balancing services provided by grid-tied BESS, to ensure flexibility and reliability in electricity networks. The algorithm is evaluated in a Simulink-based system model, which includes a transmission line model with a bi-directional model predicted controlled voltage source converter connected to the BESS. The model initially detects frequency and voltage fluctuations relative to reference values, and reference currents are then generated via an energy management algorithm based on the magnitude of fluctuations and the battery state of charge. Furthermore, switching signals for the inverter are determined with model predictive control. Simulations are conducted using one-day frequency data and by connecting or disconnect the loads randomly that cause the voltage drop/increases. The voltage fluctuations obtained from the model have demonstrated that both active and reactive power references are provided by the 2MW/1MWh BESS system successfully.

Dynamic Active and Reactive Power Control with Utility-Scale Battery Energy Storage Systems

A new control for operating a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) as a STATCOM, termed BESS-STATCOM, is proposed to stabilize a critical induction motor against large disturbances on a 24/7 basis to prevent significant financial losses to the motor facility. Simulation studies are performed using PSCAD on the realistic distribution feeder with a BESS to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method. When a large disturbance is created, even if the BESS is in a high state of charge or discharging, the control system curtails the active power to release the entire inverter capacity for operating as a STATCOM. This active power curtailment lasts for less than a minute. During this time, the induction motor is stabilized. The proposed BESS-STATCOM technology is expected to be ten times more economical than installing a new STATCOM of equivalent size for stabilizing the same critical motor. The proposed BESS-STATCOM control will soon be field demonstrated in the utility network of Elexicon Energy, Ajax, Ontario.

Novel Control of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) as STATCOM (BESS-STATCOM) for Stabilization of a Critical Motor

Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) works due to system instability due to loss of generation power which impacting the system's frequency. In order to reduce the amount of load shedding during UFLS scheme, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) technology is employed. This study aim to identify if BESS could effectively improving system stability and reduce amount of load shedding during disturbance period. The disturbance scenario is done by releasing Generators in East Nusa Tenggara System to trigger UFLS scheme. Using 8 different cases, the case which the system is equipped with BESS showing a significant stability improvement. For instance in Case 3, which releasing 15 MW of generator, the nadir frequency without BESS penetration is 48,687 Hz and trigger the UFR Stage 3. While using BESS could keep the nadir frequency in 48,932 Hz and only trigger stage 2 UFR. The result of the simulation shows that the frequency stability is improving, and number of load shed could be reduced in a system with BESS compared to non-BESS equipped system.

Impact of Battery Energy Storage System Penetration on UFLS Scheme in NTT Electrical System

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are being deployed to provide a range of power system services. In this paper, the voltage support capabilities of a 10 MVA, 5 MWh BESS installed at a thermal power plant are explored. The study specifically relates to the voltage dips caused by starting of large boiler feed pump motors on the 11 kV supply of the power plant. The benefits of reactive power injection from BESS are explored via simulation and validation is provided from tests on the actual plant. The likely reduction in voltage dip if the BESS can contribute its rated reactive current is quantified. As a result, the motors experience higher starting torque and peak current, however as they start more quickly, the contribution to heating is expected to reduce. The effect on provision of other services demanded from the BESS and wider opportunities to provide voltage support are discussed.

/pdf/reactive-power-injection-from-battery-energy-storage-during-601txuqc0m.pdf

Reactive Power Injection from Battery Energy Storage During Voltage Dips at a Thermal Power Plant

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Reactive Power Injection from Battery Energy Storage During Voltage Dips at a Thermal Power Plant