A cellular communications system comprising a space based system comprising a first set of cells, and a ground based system comprising a second set of cells. The space and ground systems can optionally function substantially autonomously, with each using spectrum from at least one predetermined frequency band.

Integrated or autonomous system and method of satellite-terrestrial frequency reuse using signal attenuation and/or blockage, dynamic assignment of frequencies and/or hysteresis

The disclosure relates to a ground-based wireless cellular communication system providing in-flight broadband mobile communication services The system includes at least one ground-based base station adapted for generating at least one cell defining a solid angle of space surrounding the base station The ground-based base station includes an antenna array using two-dimensional-beamforming for generating at least one beam for serving at least one airplane in the space covered by the at least one cell using spatial-division multiple access (SDMA) The disclosure also relates to an airplane equipment for providing in-flight broadband mobile communication services The airplane equipment includes an antenna for exchange of user data with the ground-based wireless cellular communication system, a transceiver unit connected to the antenna for handling the air-to-ground and ground-to-air communication with the ground-based wireless cellular communication system, and an inside-airplane communication system for distributing the user data to and from terminals within the airplane

Systems and method for providing in-flight broadband mobile communication services

A communication system (100) transitions from a high velocity mode of operation to a non-high velocity mode of operation based on a movement of a mobile station (106). When the communication system is in a high velocity mode of operation, the communication system promotes pilots from a High Velocity Neighbor Set of the mobile station or a controller (116). When the communication system is in a non-high velocity mode of operation, the communication system promotes pilots from a Neighbor Set of the mobile station or the controller. The communication system may further include a high velocity repeater (104) that, when co-located with the mobile station, is capable of providing a communication link between the mobile station and a radio access network (114) servicing the mobile station.

Method and apparatus for wireless communication in a high velocity environment

A method and apparatus for constructing, repairing and operating modular electronic systems utilize peripheral half-capacitors (14, 15) (i.e., conductive plates on the outside of the modules) to communicate non-conductively between abutting modules. Such systems provide lower cost, improved testability/repairability and greater density then conventional modular packaging techniques, such as printed circuit board (10) and multi-chip modules. The non-conductive interconnection technique of the invention can be applied to all levels in the packaging hierarchy, from bare semiconductor dies to complete functional sub-units. Numerous exemplary systems and applications are described.

Method and apparatus for non-conductively interconnecting integrated circuits

A light-weight and low-power integrated system module suitable for installation at a passenger seat disposed aboard a passenger vehicle and methods for manufacturing and using same. By integrating selected interface system components with the associated interconnections, the integrated system module provides an intuitive user interface system for interacting with a passenger entertainment system. The integrated system module can be installed within a seatback of the passenger seat that compliments the look and feel of the user interface system, creating an immersive entertainment experience during travel.

System and method for providing an integrated user interface system at a seat

The Doppler insensitive non-terrestrial digital cellular communications network ensures that, independent of the aircraft direction and apparent velocity of the mobile subscriber station, at least one and very likely two cells/antennas, carry the call even though other cells/antennas in the non-terrestrial digital cellular communications network encounter an apparent velocity of the mobile subscriber station which disables system operation. Since the architecture of the non-terrestrial digital cellular communications network and the non-terrestrial communication application have a common element, namely altitude, it is also possible to minimize the Doppler/capacity problem by segmenting the non-terrestrial space into layers, or PN code words. This topology makes use of spatial diversity in the elevation plane, or “Z direction” to ensure that at least one and very likely two layers, can carry the call. Each layer in the cell is formed by an antenna beam, having different system configurations to preset the level of soft hand-off. Spatial diversity within the cell site can also be implemented in the “X & Y directions”, or azimuthally. This is accomplished by interleaving cells of different diameters or with differing azimuth sector patterns. In this manner, the periodicity of the cells is randomized, keeping calls in soft hand-off by maintaining a tangential direction of flight with respect to most cell sites, thereby minimizing the Doppler shift of the carrier frequency with respect to the serving cell site.

Doppler insensitive non-terrestrial digital cellular communications network

A multiple-layer microstrip assembly having an inter-layer connection for transitioning electrical signals between analogous surfaces of separate layers, comprising a plurality of layers, each having a top surface and a bottom surface; first top circuitry disposed on the first top surface of a first layer; first bottom circuitry disposed on the first bottom surface of the first layer; connecting means for electrically connecting the first top circuitry to the first bottom circuitry; second top circuitry disposed on the second top surface of a second layer; and binding means to hold the two layers together, wherein the first bottom circuitry is sufficiently adjacent and overlapping the second top circuitry to form an electrical connection therebetween, thereby forming a signal transition between the first top surface of the first layer and the second top surface of the second layer.

Multiple-layer microstrip assembly with inter-layer connections

L'invention concerne un ensemble a microbandes multicouches. Elle se rapporte a un ensemble qui comprend une premiere couche (10), ayant un premier circuit superieur (26), un premier circuit inferieur (28) et un premier circuit d'interconnexion (32) qui connecte les premiers circuits superieur et inferieur, une seconde couche (12) ayant un second circuit superieur (38) place sur la seconde surface superieure (20), la premiere couche (10) et la seconde couche (12) etant telles que la seconde surface superieure est placee entre la premiere surface inferieure et la seconde surface inferieure, et un plan de masse (37) dispose au-dessous du premier et du second circuit superieur au moins. Application aux antennes a hautes frequences.

Ensemble à microbandes multicouches et son procédé de fabrication.

PURPOSE: To transmit and receive, and interchange signals between similar surfaces of two different layers by uniting a 1st and a 2nd layer where circuits are formed together CONSTITUTION: A 1st top-surface circuit 26 is formed on a 1st top surface 14 of the 1st layer and a 1st bottom-surface circuit 28 is provided on a 1st bottom surface 16 of the 1st layer 10 On a 2nd top surface 20 of the 2nd layer 12, a 2nd top-surface circuit 38 is provided, and along a 2nd bottom surface 22 of the layer 12, a ground surface 37 is provided The layers 10 and 12 are arranged having the bottom surface 16 and top surface 20 opposite each other Then the circuits 38 and 28 are closely superposed one over the other The circuits 38 and 28 in the superposition area are electrically connected by a capacitive coupling means 42 between the two circuits

Multilayer microstrip assembly with interlayer connection

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Doppler insensitive non-terrestrial digital cellular communications network

Multiple-layer microstrip assembly with inter-layer connections

Ensemble à microbandes multicouches et son procédé de fabrication.

Multilayer microstrip assembly with interlayer connection