An effective strategy for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) entails the early detection of antibiotics during the initial stages of water treatment facilities. In this context, cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) were employed for the precise detection of tetracycline (TET), an emerging contaminant, in water. CdS QDs with fluorescence properties were synthesized by culturing Citrobacter freundii bacteria. The CdS QDs were characterized by spectroscopy techniques, and the quantum efficiency was estimated to be 55.8% which is ∼2-fold high compared to the standard rhodamine-B solution. The fluorescence of CdS QDs was quenched at 440 nm in the presence of TET. The linear range of TET was varied from 10 to 100 μM with a lower limit of detection of ∼23 nM. The CdS QDs were used to detect TET in river water, tap water, and milk which showed an excellent recovery rate. Therefore, the novel biosynthesis CdS QDs can be a significant fluorescence probe for the detection of TET that shows exceptional sensitivity and selectivity. 

Synthesis of water-soluble CdS quantum dots for the fluorescence detection of tetracycline.

In this work, a novel Eu-MOF, {[Eu2(L)(phen)2(ox)2(H2O)2]·10H2O·phen}n (H2L = 2,6-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrazine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), was assembled under hydrothermal conditions with good water stability and pH stability. The Eu-MOF could be used as a luminescent sensor for detecting gas/liquid benzaldehyde, Hg2+ and Cr2O72-/CrO42- with high sensitivity and selectivity based on luminescence quenching effects. The sensing mechanisms were systematically studied by ICP-AES, PXRD analysis and UV–vis spectroscopy. In addition, the Eu-MOF shows high adsorption of Hg2+ and can be successfully used to quantitatively detect Hg2+ in real samples such as tap water, green tea, and river water. The sensor exhibited a recovery rate in the range of 99.84 %∼102.34 % for detecting Hg2+. The portable fluorescent paper strips based on the Eu-MOF were also successfully fabricated, which can detect benzaldehyde both in gas and liquid phases. The fluorescence sensing system based on Eu-MOF provides a reference for the construction of portable environmental pollutant monitoring sensors. 

A robust Eu-MOF as a multi-functional fluorescence sensor for detection of benzaldehyde, Hg2+, and Cr2O72-/CrO42-

A multi-responsive photochromic Cd-MOF with photoswitchable luminescence, inkless and erasable printing, and UO22+-selective sensing

MXene quantum dots (MQDs) exhibit vast application prospection the field of fluorometric sensing, but how to efficiently utilize MQDs for the selective detection of two components still remains a challenge. Herein, an off–on fluorescence sensor based on ethylenediamine-functionalized Ti3C2 MQDs (EDA-MQDs) was designed to selectively and sequentially detect Fe3+ and histamine. EDA-MQDs were synthesized using a facile ultrasonic-hydrothermal method and exhibited bright blue fluorescence with a quantum yield up to 21.12 %. Inner filter effect occurred between Fe3+ and EDA-MQDs, resulting in fluorescence quenching at 460 nm. Meanwhile, on account of the strong chelation between imidazole group on histamine and Fe3+, the Fe3+ concentration in the system was reduced, so the fluorescence of EDA-MQDs was recovered. Thus, the as-designed fluorescence probe was used for dual-detection of Fe3+ and histamine in real samples with satisfactory sensitivity and selectivity. The proposed sensing method was verified to possess good linear response in the range of 1–100 μM and 1–60 μM with detection limits of 0.11 μM and 46 nM for Fe3+ and histamine, respectively. This work provided a highly effective tool for selective detecting histamine and Fe3+ as well as tendered a novel strategy for functionalized Ti3C2 MQDs in food analysis. 

An efficient off–on fluorescence probe based on EDA functionalized Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots for sequential detection of Fe3+ and histamine

With increasing global industrialization, it is urgent and challenging to develop multifunctional species for detection and adsorption in the environment. For this purpose, a novel anionic heterometallic organic framework, [(CH3)2NH2][CaEu(CAM)2(H2O)2]·4H2O·4DMF (CaEuCAM), is hydrothermally synthesized based on chelidamic acid (H3CAM). Single crystal analysis shows that CaEuCAM features two different oxygen-rich channels along the c-axis in which one CAM3- bridges two sextuple-coordinated Ca2+ and two octuple-coordinated Eu3+ with a μ4-η1: η1: η1: η1: η1: η1 new chelating and bridging mode. The characteristic bright red emission and superior hydrostability of CaEuCAM under harsh acidic and basic conditions benefit it by acting as a highly sensitive sensor for Fe3+ and 3-nitrophenol (3-NP) with extremely low LODs through remarkable quenching. The combination of experiments and theoretical calculations for sensing mechanisms shows that the competitive absorption and interaction are responsible for Fe3+-induced selective emission quenching, while that for 3-NP is the result of the synergism of host-guest chemistry and the inner filter effect. Meanwhile, the assimilation of negative charge plus channels renders CaEuCAM a highly selective adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) due to a synergy of electrostatic affinity, ion-dipole interaction, and size matching. Of note is the reusability of CaEuCAM toward Fe3+/3-NP sensing and MB adsorption besides its fast response. These findings could be very useful in guiding the development of multifunctional Ln-MOFs for sensing and adsorption applications in water media.

A Multifunctional CaII-EuIII Heterometallic Organic Framework with Sensing and Selective Adsorption in Water.

Highly sensitive detection of tetracycline and Fe3+ and for visualizable sensing application based on a water-stable luminescent Tb-MOF

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Highly sensitive detection of tetracycline and Fe3+ and for visualizable sensing application based on a water-stable luminescent Tb-MOF