Characterizing Vegetable and Fruit Intake in a Remote Alaska Native Community Using Reflection Spectroscopy and 24-Hour Recalls.

Background: American Indian and Alaska Native preschool-aged children experience a high prevalence of obesity, yet are under-represented in obesity prevention research. This study examined obesity prevalence and dietary risk factors among Alaska Native preschool-aged children in southwest Alaska. Methods: The study used baseline data from "Got Neqpiaq?" a culturally centered multilevel intervention focused on Yup'ik Alaska Native children, aged 3-5 years, enrolled in Head Start in 12 communities in southwest Alaska (n = 155). The primary outcomes were BMI percentile, overweight, and obesity. Dietary factors of interest were measured using biomarkers: traditional food intake (nitrogen stable isotope ratio biomarker), ultraprocessed food intake (carbon stable isotope ratio biomarker), and vegetable and fruit intake (skin carotenoid status biomarker measured by the Veggie Meter). Cardiometabolic markers (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] and blood cholesterol) were also measured. Results: Among the Yup'ik preschool-aged children in the study, the median BMI percentile was 91, and the prevalence of overweight or obesity was 70%. The traditional food intake biomarker was negatively associated with BMI, whereas the ultraprocessed foods and vegetable and fruit biomarkers were not associated with BMI. HbA1c and blood cholesterol were within healthy levels. Conclusions: The burden of overweight and obesity is high among Yup'ik preschool-aged children. Traditional food intake is inversely associated with BMI, which underscores the need for culturally grounded interventions that emphasize traditional values and knowledge to support the traditional food systems in Alaska Native communities in southwest Alaska. Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03601299.

Obesity Prevalence and Dietary Factors among Preschool-Aged Head Start Children in Remote Alaska Native Communities: Baseline Data from the "Got Neqpiaq?" Study.

Children's Dietary Intake by Early Care and Education Setting in the US Affiliated Pacific.

The objective of this paper is to provide insights into the impact of missing price data in food security assessments. We find that the treatment of missing data plays an important role in our understanding of the uncertainty inherent in food cost calculations. We show that imputation techniques tend to bias upwards the estimated cost of a Thrifty Food Plan basket. We find that the standard infill technique commonly employed in food security research (based on taking the average price of individual items) tends to be more biased than the experimental, multiple imputation approach we are suggesting. 

Uncertainty in Thrifty Food Plan Cost Estimates for Community Food Security Assessments

La malnutrición por exceso y las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ENT) alcanzan cifras pandémicas. Promover una alimentación saludable es clave para detener el aumento de la obesidad y prevenir las ENT. Las canastas básicas de alimentos con enfoque nutricional (CBAN) pueden complementar las políticas de combate a la obesidad y ENT en favor de las dietas saludables. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la literatura disponible para compilar y analizar la evidencia sobre CBAN. Existe una amplia heterogeneidad en el abordaje y diseño de estas canastas. La asignación de alimentos por grupos es variable y depende de aspectos como la cultura o el poder adquisitivo. El precio, la temporalidad productiva, así como la voluntad política son clave para que los países desarrollen una canasta alimentaria saludable. La región de América Latina y el Caribe tiene poco desarrollo sobre CBAN, siendo este clave para facilitar el acceso a las dietas saludables. La CBAN es útil además para diseñar programas de educación alimentaria y nutricional e informar diseño de programas de alimentación y nutrición. 

pdf/canasta-basica-de-alimentos-con-enfoque-nutricional-una-3q5nc9zyyi.pdf

Canasta básica de alimentos con enfoque nutricional: una revisión narrativa

In an effort to characterize food costs in the United States (US)-affiliated Pacific Region, a first-time food cost survey was conducted in March 2014. A market basket survey was developed using an adaptation of the US Department of Agriculture Thrifty Food Plan. Surveys were conducted in the states of Alaska and Hawai'i; Portland, Oregon; the US-affiliated Pacific Islands of American Samoa (American Samoa); Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; the island of Pohnpei within the Federated States of Micronesia; Guam; Republic of the Marshall Islands; and Republic of Palau. Urban and rural communities were included. Multiple stores in multiple communities were surveyed in each jurisdiction. Food retailers (N = 74) ranged from convenience markets to supermarkets. Not all foods in the market basket survey were available in each of the communities. Inspection of available income data also showed that food costs represented a higher percentage of household income for American Samoa than those of Alaska, Hawai'i, and Portland. Thrifty Food Plan weighted weekly totals for the region ranged from $181.90 to $264.30. Weighting was based on the amount of the item converted to grams required for the Thrifty Food Plan menu. These food costs are significantly higher than those of Portland ($142.00) for the survey period. Protein foods, grains, vegetables, fruit, and dairy were the 5 most costly components, in descending order. Food affordability was assessed by comparing food costs across jurisdictions and examining estimated food costs to reported average jurisdiction incomes. The survey is intended to help inform public health policy and educational programs in the region. A locally adapted food survey would benefit future analyses, regional policy, and educational efforts.

The Affordability of a Thrifty Food Plan-based Market Basket in the United States-affiliated Pacific Region.

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The Affordability of a Thrifty Food Plan-based Market Basket in the United States-affiliated Pacific Region.