Recent advancements in strategies to improve anaerobic digestion of perennial energy grasses for enhanced methane production.

A demanda por producao de quantidades adequadas de biomassa vegetal e um grande desafio da pecuaria brasileira que enfrenta grave situacao em relacao a degradacao da maioria das pastagens nativas ou cultivadas, especialmente em solos deficientes em nutrientes biogenicos como o nitrogenio O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o crescimento e nutricao de Urochloa brizantha em decorrencia da inoculacao com Azospirillum brasilense associado com adubacao nitrogenada O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetacao da Universidade Paranaense – UNIPAR, Umuarama – PR O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, constituido por seis tratamentos (testemunha, inoculado sem N, inoculado + 50 e 75 kg ha-1 N, sem inoculacao + 50 e 75 kg ha-1 N) e cinco repeticoes cada 10 dias apos a semeadura efetuou-se o desbaste das plantas em excesso deixando apenas cinco plantas por vaso 60 dias apos a semeadura, as plantas foram coletadas para analise de massa seca, alongamento foliar e teores de nutrientes foliares A inoculacao resultou em um ganho na massa seca da parte aerea, comprimento de parte aerea e numero de perfilhos, porem nao houve ganho em massa seca da raiz Pode-se observar maior concentracao de nitrogenio foliar e indice de clorofila nos tratamentos com maiores concentracoes de adubacao nitrogenada, inoculado ou nao Portanto, conclui-se que a inoculacao com A brasilense associado a adubacao nitrogenada se mostrou um excelente aliado no aumento da producao e no desenvolvimento de U brizantha cv Marandu

/pdf/crescimento-e-nutricao-da-urochloa-brizantha-cv-marandu-1gmhwa9x9o.pdf

Crescimento e nutrição da Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu inoculada com bactéria promotora de crescimento vegetal e sob diferentes doses de nitrogênio

O manejo adequado das pastagens e importante para garantir a producao animal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a producao massa seca da parte aerea (SDWY) e na composicao mineral na recuperacao de pastagens degradadas ( Urochloa decumbens ) em um Latossolo Tipico com introducao de Stylosanthes e fertilizacao com fosforo (P). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repeticoes. As parcelas foram constituidas de sete sistemas de manejo: T1 - Controle Urochloa decumbens sem Stylosanthes ; T2 - U. decumbens + Stylosanthes com plantio direto; T3 - U. decumbens com dessecacao parcial + Stylosanthes ; T4 - U. decumbens com dessecacao total + Stylosanthes ; T5 - U. decumbens + Stylosanthes com escarificacao do solo; T6 - U. decumbens + Stylosanthes com aracao; T7 - U. decumbens + Stylosanthes com lavoura + grade e as subparcelas foram as adubacoes com P (presenca e ausencia). A adubacao com P (60 kg ha -1 de P 2 O 5 ) aumentou a concentracao de P e SDWY de U. decumbens , enquanto a introducao de Stylosanthes nos diferentes sistemas de manejo utilizados nao alterou o producao de forragem.

/pdf/recuperacao-de-pastagem-de-urochloa-decumbens-com-sistemas-3p9hhr7kgu.pdf

Recuperação de pastagem de Urochloa decumbens com sistemas de manejo e adubação fosfatada

Broiler deep litter is composed of cellulose, manure, feathers, and feed, and after reuse through several flocks, may be used as a fertilizer. Alternative litter materials such as plastic flooring have been researched but little is known about the characteristics of the waste produced. We analyzed the properties of broiler manure from different flooring systems and assessed its potential for biodigestion. Broiler chicks (1500 one-day-old) were reared using five flooring materials: wood shavings (WS); plastic floor (PP); 50% shavings + 50% plastic floor (PP + WS); plastic floor with antimicrobial additive (PPA); and 50% shavings + 50% plastic floor with an antimicrobial additive (PPA + WS). Waste collection was done at 14, 28, and 42 days of growth. The total residue (kg) produced was quantified on day 42. The total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), nitrogen (N), and pH were analyzed at 14, 28, and 42 days of growth, using the residue coefficient (RC) on the 42nd day. The contents of ST, SV, NDF, ADF, C, and N were determined for anaerobic digestion. The concentrations of O2, CO2, and CH4 produced by anaerobic digestion were analyzed. The flooring material did not affect the volatile solids’ contents. The lowest NDF and ADF were found in plastic floor residues. The pH of the manure linearly increased over time as the birds grew. The presence of wood shavings in the manure was decisive for the production of biogas. The treatments with the plastic floor without shavings obtained the highest N content with less residue. Plastic flooring with wood shaving is not recommended as it increases waste generation. The use of plastic flooring reduced the amounts of waste generated and promote a greater yield of biogas with the anaerobic digestion of excreta. 

Characterization and Energy Potential of Broiler Manure Reared under Different Flooring Materials

The incorporation of monensin into cattle diets can significantly alter the physicochemical properties of excreted manure, potentially affecting waste management and treatment systems given the persistence of substantial concentrations of ionophores in the effluent. This study assessed the impact of monensin on the compositional characteristics of cattle manure and its implications for anaerobic digestion efficiency, with and without the separation of manure fractions across two hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Manure samples were collected from cattle fed with doses of monensin at 0, 1.8, 3.6, 5.4, and 7.2 mg per kg of dry matter intake. The HRTs investigated were 20 days (HRT20) and 30 days (HRT30). Increasing monensin inclusion in the diets resulted in a notable decrease in the quantities of total solids (TSs), volatile solids (VSs), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) per animal per day, accompanied by an increase in lignin content and mass. Fraction separation during anaerobic digestion enhances the reduction of TSs, VSs, and NDF, thereby optimizing biogas and methane production potentials and elevating methane concentrations. The presence of monensin correlated with the reduced degradation of organic components during the anaerobic digestion process. To maximize the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion of manure from cattle diets supplemented with monensin, a 30-day HRT combined with fraction separation is recommended. This approach can enhance biogas yield and methane content, thereby improving the sustainability and efficacy of waste treatment processes. 

Effect of Monensin Supplementation in the Bovine Diet on the Composition and Anaerobic Digestion of Manure with and without Screening

The co-digestion of swine manure with vegetable waste is an alternative that can increase the production of biogas and methane generated by the isolated digestion of manure. However, recommendations that are based on the best ratio between manure and forage, as well as the age of harvest, are still scarce in the literature. This study was conducted to evaluate inclusions (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of the total solids (TS) of Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) harvested at two ages medium age (MA) at 45 days of growth and advanced age (AA) at 90 days in co-digestion with swine manure, using an entirely randomized design in a 5x2 factorial scheme. Batch digesters were used and biogas production was monitored for 12 weeks. There was influence of forage age (P <0.05) on the degradation of solids and neutral detergent fiber, with higher values for the substrates containing MA forage. The highest CH4 yields were obtained by the substrates containing MA forage in the inclusion of 27.7 and 31.6%, being 253.7 and 222.2 L of CH4 per Kg of total or volatile solids. The age of the forages influenced the onset and persistence of biogas production, being advantageous only in the inclusion of 25% of MA forage. The AA forage inclusion is not recommended for co-digestion with swine manure.

/pdf/anaerobic-co-digestion-of-swine-manure-and-forage-at-two-43notv6mij.pdf

Anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure and forage at two harvesting ages

Knowing the nutritional factors that limit pasture growth is essential for the production of forage in quantity and quality. The objective of the study was to evaluate the dry matter production of the aerial part and roots and the concentration of nutrients under nutrient omission conditions in fertilization, in the development of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, during three growth cycles. The experiment was carried out in pots with dystrophic Ultisol at the College of Technology and Agricultural Science - Dracena Campus - FCAT / UNESP. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with eight treatments and five replications. The treatments were: 1- Complete fertilization; 2- Omission of fertilization; 3- N omission; 4- P omission; 5- K omission; 6- Mg omission; 7- S omission; 8- B omission. The results showed variation between the cuts in the dry matter production of the aerial part of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, but in all, complete fertilization was among the highest yields. The nitrogen content was, among the studied elements, the most affected by the concentration effect in the forage. The levels of phosphorus, potassium and sulfur in the aerial part of Marandu showed levels considered adequate when nutrients were part of the treatment composition. The omission of nitrogen, potassium and sulfur were the nutrients that most affected the production of roots, while the initial levels of magnesium and boron in the soil were sufficient to meet the demand of Marandu.

/pdf/producao-de-capim-marandu-em-condicoes-deficitarias-de-1a57b5zffy.pdf

Produção de capim Marandu em condições deficitárias de nutrientes em diferentes épocas de corte

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Anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure and forage at two harvesting ages

Produção de capim Marandu em condições deficitárias de nutrientes em diferentes épocas de corte