Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) are of great interest in biomedicine, due to their wide range of applications. During recent years, one of the most challenging goals is the development of new strategies to finely tune the unique properties of MNPs, in order to improve their effectiveness in the biomedical field. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the methods of synthesis and functionalization of MNPs focusing on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs). Firstly, synthesis strategies for fabricating IONPs of different composition, sizes, shapes, and structures are outlined. We describe the close link between physicochemical properties and magnetic characterization, essential to developing innovative and powerful magnetic-driven nanocarriers. In conclusion, we provide a complete background of IONPs functionalization, safety, and applications for the treatment of Central Nervous System disorders.

/pdf/magnetic-iron-oxide-nanoparticles-synthesis-characterization-1u2fevhvai.pdf

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Functionalization for Biomedical Applications in the Central Nervous System

This paper critically analyzes the traditional method of kinetic determination of activation energy by sectioning the recorded differential thermal analysis peak area. This procedure is incorrect because it misses the impact of thermal inertia, which changes the shape of the peak's base line from straight to s-shape. This effect has been known since the Newton cooling law, but the resulting errors persist to be interwoven into all the kinetic methods based on nonisothermal thermoanalytical measurements. Relating to calorimetry, it is necessary here because heat inertia has become a standard part of heat determination via using the Tian historical equation. The role and impact of heat inertia is discussed and analyzed in detail.

Ignoring heat inertia impairs accuracy of determination of activation energy in thermal analysis

Novel Amapá latex-mediated synthesis of defective α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with enhanced ferromagnetism and sunlight photocatalytic activity

Solventless synthesis and characterization of α-Fe, γ-Fe, magnetite and hematite using iron(III)citrate

Catalytic graphitization has been used since years, normally by heating from room temperature to 2227 or 3027 °C. Ferrocene was used to induce the graphitization in modified novolak phenolic resins synthesized in laboratory (PR). In this study, the intermediate carbon structures containing iron during the graphitization process, obtained after the different steps of heat treatment from 200 to 1000 °C, were identified concerning the oxidation states of iron and morphological and structural variations. The role of iron in these intermediate structures has not been fully evaluated yet by resonance and spectroscopy techniques; therefore, in this study, it will be discussed briefly. The following techniques were employed: X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), standard solid-state 13carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (solid-state 13C-NMR), 57Fe-Mossbauer and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies. In the material (PRFc) obtained by heat treatment for 5 h at 1000 °C, there were identified Fe2O3 nanocrystals, as well as Fe2O3, Fe3C and γ-iron present inside and outside of an onion-like hollow carbon structure. This structure of PRFc treated at 1000 °C has shown high efficiency in removing the pesticide atrazine (ATZ) in an aqueous medium and influenced the degradation mechanism of ATZ and the formation of atrazine-2-hydroxy (HAT).

Role of ferrocene-derived iron species in the catalytic graphitization of novolak resins

This mini review summarizes recent progress in polydiacetylene (PDA) mechanochromism, with a special focus on the quantitative and nanoscopic data that have emerged in recent years.

/pdf/recent-progress-in-polydiacetylene-mechanochromism-99f15ffz.pdf

Recent progress in polydiacetylene mechanochromism

Solventless synthesis, morphology, structure and magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles

Kinetic Analysis of Nonisothermal Decomposition of Acetyl Ferrocene

We report the efficient coupling of single photons from a single dipole source (SDS) into a single-mode fiber. Using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method, we perform numerical simulations for different locations of the SDS with different polarizations on the optical nanofiber (ONF) and optical nanofiber tip (ONFT). Simulations predict that a maximum coupling efficiency of up to 43% is realized when the SDS with radial polarization is placed on the facet of the ONFT.

Efficient fiber-coupled single photon source using an optical nanofiber tip



Thermal decomposition of iron-bearing organometallic complex
acetyl ferrocene, (C5H4COCH3)Fe(C5H5), leads to hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles. Presence
of maliec anhydride, C4H2O3 as co-precursor during thermal decomposition modifies
the size of the particles as well as the quantity of the reaction product significantly.



Kinetic analysis of the solid-state thermal reaction of acetyl ferrocene in the
presence of varying amount of co-precursor maliec anhydride under inert reaction atmosphere
has been studied in order to understand the reaction mechanism involved behind the
formation of hematite and the role of co-precursor in the reaction process. For this purpose,
reaction kinetic analysis of three mixtures of acetyl ferrocene and maliec anhydride has
been carried out.



 Thermogravimetry under non-isothermal protocol with multiple heating rates
has been employed. The data are analyzed using model-free iso-conversional kinetic techniques
to estimate the activation energy of reaction and reaction rate. The most-probable
reaction mechanism has been identified by master plot method. The kinetic triplets (activation
energy, reaction rate, most probable reaction mechanism function) have been employed
to estimate the thermodynamic triplets (ΔS, ΔH and ΔG).



Acetyl Ferrocene (AFc) undergoes thermal decomposition in a four-step
process leaving certain residual mass whereas maliec anhydride (MA) undergoes complete
mass loss owing to melting followed by evaporation. In contrast, the (AFc1-x-MAx) mixtures
undergo thermal decomposition through a two-step process, and the decompositions are
completed at much lower temperatures than that in AFc. The estimated activation energy
and reaction rate values are found strongly dependent on the extent of conversion as well
as on the extent of mixing. Introduction of MA in the solid reaction atmosphere of AFc in
one hand reduces the activation energy required by AFc to undergo thermal decomposition
and the reaction rate, while on the other hand varies the nature of reaction mechanism involved.



The range of reaction rate values estimated for the mixtures indicate that the activated
complexes during Step-I of thermal decomposition may be treated as ‘loose’ complex
whereas ‘tight’ complex for the Step-II. From the estimated entropy values, thermal
process of (AFc1-x-MAx) mixture for Steps I and II may be interpreted as ‘‘slow’’ stage.



 Variation of Gibb’s free energy with the fraction of maliec anhydride in the
mixtures for Step-I and II indicate that the thermal processes of changing the corresponding
activated complexes are non-spontaneous at room temperature.


Effect of Co-precursor Maliec Anhydride on the Thermal Decomposition of Acetyl Ferrocene: A Reaction Kinetic Analysis

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