Abstract High-resolution grain size and magnetic susceptibility records from the eastern Gulf of Cadiz (site MD99-2339; 1170 m water depth) reveal contourites formed by the Mediterranean Outflow (MOW) during the last 47 kyr BP. Oscillations in the MOW's intensity occurred in phase with Greenland temperature variations with a stronger outflow during northern hemisphere coolings such as Dansgaard-Oeschger stadials, Heinrich events, and the Younger Dryas. Benthic δ13C data implies the Western Mediterranean Deep Water as one of the main sources feeding the outflow current, while differential changes in the properties of the Mediterranean source and entrained North Atlantic Central Water largely control the MOW's strength. Detailed studies for Heinrich events 1, 4 and 5 show that the flow strength peaked only when subtropical surface waters prevailed in the eastern Gulf of Cadiz, while incursions of icebergs and subpolar surface water were not favorable for the MOW's intensification. As the MOW was strong when the Atlantic's thermohaline circulation (THC) was weakened, the heat and salt injected by the MOW into the intermediate North Atlantic waters might have preconditioned the THC to switch from the stadial to the interstadial mode.

Mediterranean Outflow Strengthens during Northern Hemisphere Coolings: A salt source for the glacial Atlantic?

Abstract Sortable silt particle-size data and stable isotope analyses from the Corsica Trough, western Mediterranean Sea, provide a continuous palaeoceanographic record of the inflow, ventilation and vertical fluctuations of the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea for the last 130,000 years. The results presented herein reveal that climate changes drive the Mediterranean intermediate circulation on Milankovitch to millennial time-scales. Intensified intermediate inflow and ventilation in the Corsica Trough occurred throughout the last glacial interval, with a cold/faster – warm/slower pattern existing between the Dansgaard-Oeschger climatic oscillations (including Heinrich events) and the LIW variability. By contrast, a weak intermediate ventilation characterised the Holocene and the Last Interglacial period, especially during insolation maxima and the sapropel deposition in the eastern Mediterranean. This variability probably reflects the changes of the eastern Mediterranean net evaporation, as well as the propagation to the western Mediterranean of the profound hydrographic adjustments of the Levantine Sea and adjacent areas to climate forcing. The implications for the formation and ventilation of the Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW) in the northwestern Mediterranean basin, as well as for Mediterranean–Atlantic exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar are discussed.

/pdf/a-130-000-year-record-of-levantine-intermediate-water-flow-1ed2no1w3v.pdf

A 130,000-year record of Levantine Intermediate Water flow variability in the Corsica Trough, western Mediterranean Sea

Contourites and bottom current reworked sands: Bed facies model and implications

Millennial scale climate oscillations recorded in the Lower Danube loess over the last glacial period

This work was funded by the Ministry of Economy of Spain Project RTI2018‐099489‐B‐I00, CGL2015‐68459‐P, and Junta de Castilla y Leon (UIC 102). We appreciate the work of Jose Ignacio Martin Cruz in sample processing and the picking of planktic and benthic foraminifers. We are very grateful to IODP for inviting some of us to participate in Expedition 339 Mediterranean Outflow and providing the samples used in this study. Part of this work has been done in colaboration with “The Drifters” Research Group at Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL), and it is related to the projects CTM 2012‐39599‐C03, CGL2016‐80445‐R, and CTM2016‐75129‐C3‐1‐R. Also, we thank Maria Druet (IGME, Spain) for their help in the base map for Figure 1c. Suggestions and comments from Dr. Antje Voelker and Samuel Toucanne were very helpful and substantially improved the last version of this manuscript.

/pdf/mediterranean-overflow-over-the-last-250-kyr-freshwater-1jkjdftx22.pdf

Mediterranean Overflow Over the Last 250 kyr: Freshwater Forcing From the Tropics to the Ice Sheets

New insights into upper MOW variability over the last 150kyr from IODP 339 Site U1386 in the Gulf of Cadiz

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New insights into upper MOW variability over the last 150kyr from IODP 339 Site U1386 in the Gulf of Cadiz