This new edition of Ann Bowling's well-known and highly respected text has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect key methodological developments in health research. It is a comprehensive, easy to read, guide to the range of methods used to study and evaluate health and health services. It describes the concepts and methods used by the main disciplines involved in health research, including: demography, epidemiology, health economics, psychology and sociology.The research methods described cover the assessment of health needs, morbidity and mortality trends and rates, costing health services, sampling for survey research, cross-sectional and longitudinal survey design, experimental methods and techniques of group assignment, questionnaire design, interviewing techniques, coding and analysis of quantitative data, methods and analysis of qualitative observational studies, and types of unstructured interviewing. With new material on topics such as cluster randomization, utility analyses, patients' preferences, and perception of risk, the text is aimed at students and researchers of health and health services. It has also been designed for health professionals and policy makers who have responsibility for applying research findings in practice, and who need to know how to judge the value of that research.

Research Methods in Health. Investigating health and health services

Abstract Background People with intellectual disabilities can be exposed to sexual abuse and they can display harmful sexual behaviour. This study aimed to identify barriers to preventing harmful sexual behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities within the support sector and the justice system. Method We conducted focus group interviews with 20 participants from hospital‐based habilitation centres, community residences, schools and the criminal justice system. Results The interviews identified a lack of education and guidelines for stakeholders or carers on regulating the sexual behaviour of people with intellectual disabilities. The criminal justice system faces challenges related to prioritising, understanding and communicating. People with intellectual disabilities may lack an understanding of the concepts of sexual consent and acceptable sexual behaviour. Conclusion There is a need to improve knowledge about intellectual disability and how to prevent harmful sexual behaviour for professional caregivers in the support sector and the criminal justice system.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jar.13048

People with intellectual disabilities and harmful sexual behaviour: Professionals' views on the barriers to prevent harm

The Social Referencing Observation Scale (SoROS) was developed to assess social referencing behaviors and as a screening instrument to identify children at risk of autism spectrum disorder. It is quick and easy for preschool teachers to administer. The instrument assesses social referencing behaviors in three different scenarios, where the administrator expresses fear, pain, and joy. The participants were 56 children with autism and 204 typically developing children aged between 2.6 and 5 years. The inter-rater agreement was high, and we found significant differences in scores between the autism spectrum disorder group and the group of typically developing children. The SoROS predicted an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis with excellent sensitivity and specificity. More research is needed with a larger and more diverse group of children. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bin.1894

The development and validation of The Social Referencing Observation Scale as a screening instrument for autism spectrum disorder

Deficits in social referencing have been associated with autism spectrum disorder. It may lead to deficits in language, symbolic abilities, and other social-cognitive behaviors. When deficits in social referencing are detected, teaching such behaviors should be a priority, but effective teaching procedures are lacking. We consider social referencing as a behavior chain and suggest teaching each component in the chain in sequence. We introduce a program to teach the initial component of social referencing, reacting to new and missing objects in the environment through initiating interaction with another present person. Six children with autism spectrum disorder participated. All children acquired the skill within six months and generalized it to new people and materials. Future research could aim to replicate these findings and to develop effective procedures to teach other component skills of social referencing.

Teaching the First Component of Social Referencing to Preschoolers with Autism; Reacting to New and Missing Objects in the Environment

Despite the importance of replication studies, previous reviews showed that they comprised less than 1% of publications in special education journals. This review conceptually replicates Lemons et al. (2016) to provide updated explicit replication study rates. We searched electronically for replication studies published in 44 special education journals between 2015-2022 using the term replicat*. A total of 73 explicit replication studies were identified, constituting 0.52% of all publications. Similar to findings of previous reviews, most replication studies were conceptual, successfully replicated previous results, and were conducted by one or more authors of the study being replicated. Replications with author overlap were significantly more likely to successfully reproduce findings of the original study. Journal impact factor was significantly and positively related to journal-level replication rate. Publication of replications in special education journals remains similar to previous decades, suggesting additional efforts are needed to increase the publication of replications. 

pdf/same-as-it-ever-was-an-updated-review-of-replication-studies-18lcvdyzg7.pdf

Same as it Ever Was: An Updated Review of Replication Studies in Special Education Journals

People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (PWIDD) who are victims of physical or sexual abuse are interviewed at Barnahus as part of a police investigation in Norway. Barnahus is resp...

Between the criminal justice and healthcare sectors: responsibilities in securing healthcare needs for people with intellectual disabilities after an investigative interview

Many students struggle with mathematics, in Norway a pressing concern is the decline in proficiency in high school, and the increased number in need of special education. Assessments of proficiency levels are traditionally done through norm- and criterion-referenced achievement tests, who will rarely detect students struggling or identify effective interventions. In a systematic replication of Lin and Kubina authors examined the relationship between component and composite frequency and accuracy; systematic variations were inclusion of multiple grade levels (5–9), assessing association between composite skills and component skills, and a second screening identifying natural levels and gain. Findings show that component frequency is associated with composite frequency and as such support the findings from Lin and Kubina, and also support the notion that basic skills are prerequisites of more complex skills. Natural level was overall below US students, as was natural gain.

Examining the Relationship Between Component and Composite Frequency and Natural Gain in Basic Multiplication: A Systematic Replication of Lin and Kubina

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bin.1789

The Social Referencing Observation Scale (SoROS) for children: Scale development and reliability

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Between the criminal justice and healthcare sectors: responsibilities in securing healthcare needs for people with intellectual disabilities after an investigative interview

Examining the Relationship Between Component and Composite Frequency and Natural Gain in Basic Multiplication: A Systematic Replication of Lin and Kubina

The Social Referencing Observation Scale (SoROS) for children: Scale development and reliability