Glassy metals not only exhibit technologically interesting properties, e.g. high fracture strength, excellent soft magnetic behaviour and good corrosion resistance, they also constitute ideal materials for the studies of low-temperature transport, critical behaviour and electrical properties of disordered metals. Considerable efforts at understanding their structure, atomic and electronic transport properties and low-temperature behaviour have been made. The author describes the nature of the glassy state, various quenching techniques and glass-forming alloys, and discusses structural models, experimental structural data and atomic transport properties including diffusivities and kinetics of structural relaxation, magnetic aging and crystallisation. The mechanical properties and magnetic behaviour are summarised, with emphasis laid on the influence of modification of these properties due to changes in structural and chemical disorder and states of magnetisation. Finally the electrical transport properties, spin wave excitations and critical behaviour, thermal and acoustic behaviour at very low temperatures, and chemical properties are presented.

REVIEW ARTICLE: Glassy metals

Critical fluctuation of the order parameter in type-ii superconductors.

The critical need for high strength, high performance, and cost effective materials has resulted in the use of novel processing techniques for the development of new aluminium alloys for structural applications. The highly attractive combinations of microstructure and mechanical properties achievable through rapid solidification technology (RST) have prompted the study and application of rapid solidification as a means of improving the behaviour of existing alloy systems and also developing novel alloying compositions. The rapid extraction of thermal energy associated with RST permits large deviations from equilibrium, as evidenced by the extension in solid solubility limits, sharp reductions in grain size, and a reduction in the size and number of segregated phases with concomitant development of non-equilibrium phases. In the present paper, the fundamental scientific principles underlying RST are discussed and particular emphasis is given to published studies of composition-processing-microstruc...

Rapid solidification processing with specific application to aluminium alloys

Equilibrium vacancies and thermophysical properties of metals

Owing to their unique mechanical and functional properties, both amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys have attracted extensive research interest over the past decades. However, in spite of the tremendous efforts dedicated to both kinds of alloys, their engineering applications are still hindered today because some fundamental issues, such as low thermal stability and poor ductility, are yet to be solved. To overcome these issues, one recent strategy proposed is to combine both amorphous and nanocrystalline structures in a single alloy through the use of either an amorphous or a nanocrystalline alloy as a “template”. On the one hand, the derived amorphous–nanocrystalline alloys may inherit the unique properties from either the amorphous or the nanocrystalline “template”, such as outstanding magnetic properties, extraordinary wear/corrosion resistance, and superior hardness and strength. On the other hand, these amorphous–nanocrystalline alloys also exhibit enhanced thermal stability and ductility, which are difficult to achieve for either the amorphous or the nanocrystalline alloy template. In this review article, we would like to first discuss a number of experimental methods developed to fabricate amorphous–nanocrystalline alloys, including partial crystallization in amorphous precursors, grain boundary amorphization, and physical vapor deposition. After that, we will give an overview of the mechanical and functional properties of the amorphous–nanocrystalline alloys. Finally, we will have a discussion on the existing applications of the amorphous–nanocrystalline alloys in various areas such as renewable and green energy, catalysis, and surface protection.

/pdf/amorphous-nanocrystalline-alloys-fabrication-properties-and-50net6rgom.pdf

Amorphous–nanocrystalline alloys: fabrication, properties, and applications

The resistivity of AlMn alloys of concentrations up to 5% is found to decrease linearly in temperature above 50 K, while at lower temperatures it follows the same ${T}^{2}$ behavior observed at lower concentrations. The linear behavior of $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)$ rules out the possibility that AlMn is a Kondo system with ${T}_{\mathrm{K}}\ensuremath{\simeq}500$ K. Possible explanations in terms of localized spin fluctuations are suggested.

High-Temperature Spin-Fluctuation Resistivity in Al Mn

Measurements are described and the results presented for the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the electrical conductivity and for the magnetic susceptibility of Zr-Ni and Zr-Cu metallic glasses doped with hydrogen. Hydrogen is found to reduce both the effective electron diffusion constant and the screening of the Coulomb interaction which leads to a decrease in the conductivity, suppression of the superconducting transition temperature, and to an enhancement of the spin susceptibility at low temperatures. The relative contributions of the spin-orbit and the Maki-Thompson interaction to the magnetoresistivity are also depressed. It is shown that the theoretical models of weak localization and Coulomb interaction provide both a good qualitative and quantitative description of the anomalous temperature and field dependence of the measured properties.

https://repozitorij.pmf.unizg.hr/islandora/object/pmf:6329/datastream/FILE0/download

Weak-localization and Coulomb-interaction effects in hydrogen-doped Zr-Ni and Zr-Cu metallic glasses

A rapidly rotating mill device has been constructed and tested with the aim of producing large samples of ultra-rapidly quenched alloys of aluminium. The quenching speed achieved is of the same order as that obtained by Dixmier's method but samples are much larger (several cm2) and it may be possible to produce the alloy in a continuous strip.

Production of large samples of ultra-rapidly quenched alloys of aluminium by means of a rotating mill device

High precision thermal dilatation measurements are used for the investigation of the structural relaxation and the crystallization process in amorphous Fe 40 Ni 40 B 20 alloys obtained by the melt spinning technique. In the region of low temperature relaxation the thermal dilatation curves show an irreversible behaviour which is attributed to a change in the excess volume of the non-ideal glass. This process is quasi-continuous and results in about 0.15% length contraction for the quasi-isothermal annealing. In addition to this quasi-continuous densification two pronounced dilatation minima also occur which are probably due to compositional short range ordering before crystallization. The apparent activation energies ( E ) for the initial and further stages of crystallization are determined from the thermal dilatation curves obtained for the heating rates ranging from 1.5 to 160 K/min. Our E values of 3.1 and 3.6 eV (for the initial and further stages of crystallization, respectively) are in good agreement with those obtained independently from other measurements. The apparent contraction during crystallization is practically the same as that for low temperature relaxation.

The investigation of the structural relaxation of Fe40Ni40B20 metallic glass by thermal dilatation measurements

The impurity resistivity and interactions in supersaturated Al(Mn) and Al(Cr) alloys

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