Fabrication of biocompatible antibacterial nanowafers based on HNT/PVA nanocomposites loaded with minocycline for burn wound dressing.

Background: Bone grafts are used in approximately one half of all musculoskeletal surgeries. Autograft bone is the historic gold standard but is limited in supply and its harvest imparts significant morbidity to the patient. Alternative sources of bone graft include allografts, synthetics and, less commonly, xenografts which are taken from animal species. Xenografts are available in unlimited supply from healthy animal donors with controlled biology, avoiding the risk of human disease transmission, and may satisfy current demand for bone graft products. Methods: In the current study, cancellous bone was harvested from porcine femurs and subjected to a novel decellularization protocol to derive a bone scaffold. Results: The scaffold was devoid of donor cellular material on histology and DNA sampling (p < 0.01). Microarchitectural properties important for osteoconductive potential were preserved after decellularization as shown by high resolution imaging modalities. Proteomics data demonstrated similar profiles when comparing the porcine bone scaffold against commercially available human demineralized bone matrix approved for clinical use. Conclusion: We are unaware of any porcine-derived bone graft products currently used in orthopaedic surgery practice. Results from the current study suggest that porcine-derived bone scaffolds warrant further consideration to serve as a potential bone graft substitute.

A Decellularized Porcine Xenograft-Derived Bone Scaffold for Clinical Use as a Bone Graft Substitute: A Critical Evaluation of Processing and Structure

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0963689721997799

Deciphering the Emerging Roles of Adipocytes and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Fat Transplantation.

Burns are one of the most devastating skin injuries, with severe burns affecting almost every organ system, and that causes a high mortality rate. The presence of microbial infection in...

pdf/current-challenges-and-future-applications-of-antibacterial-196w07vp.pdf

Current challenges and future applications of antibacterial nanomaterials and chitosan hydrogel in burn wound healing

Ridge defects are a very common finding after tooth extraction. Recent literature has shown that the pattern of bone and soft tissue remodeling can obtain up to 50% of the original volume. Many different surgical approaches have been proposed over the years to correct ridge defects, but the results have often been inconsistent or difficult to reproduce on a daily basis. For some time, surgeons have relied on the guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique, taking advantage of a barrier membrane to protect the blood clot, combined with different combinations of autogenous bone and bone grafts from various sources. If some kind of understanding has been reached and certain guidelines adopted for the treatment of horizontal defects, those for tridimensional and vertical defects still present a challenge. About a decade ago, a new biomaterial became available on the market - a membrane made of collagenated porcine bone called cortical lamina - which proved to be reliable and easy to handle for both horizontal and vertical defects. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on the topic and to discuss the material in its three forms through the presentation of three patient cases of differing complexity, each with its unique indications and characteristics.

Cortical lamina: a new device for the treatment of moderate and severe tridimensional bone and soft tissue defects.

Variable absorption rate is one of the biggest problems of fat grafting and one of the most important causes of fat graft volume loss is apoptosis. Minocycline is a tetracycline derivative and besides its antibacterial capacity, it has been widely using for anti-apoptotic effects. This study was designed to investigate the effect of minocycline on fat graft survival and adipocyte apoptosis. A total of two main and eight subgroups were designed and a total of 48 experimental animals, 6 in each group, were used. Fat grafts are obtained from Wistar albino rats and implanted to dorsal area of rats. Local and systemic minocycline was applied in the study groups. On the 9th day, apoptotic cells were detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling method and on the 90th day morphologic characteristics and viability of adipocytes were evaluated using histologic and immunohistochemical methods and statistically compared. This study revealed that the fat grafts were bigger, and they kept their structures better and they were more vascular in the minocycline groups and apoptosis was significantly lower in the minocycline groups. The authors demonstrated that minocycline increases fat graft survival and statistical improvement in apoptosis inhibition via using minocycline therapy has been shown.

The Effect of Minocycline on Fat Graft Survival and Apoptotic Pathway

Background The orbital floor is one of the most frequently injured areas of the maxillofacial skeleton during facial trauma. A retrospective analysis of patients who have undergone treatment of orbital floor fractures with heterologous cortical bone is presented. Methods This retrospective study was carried out with 21 patients over a period of 4 years between 2010 and 2014. All patients with a traumatic orbital floor defect who underwent reconstruction with heterologous cortical bone were included. The operations were carried out under general anesthesia for all patients. A subciliary incision was used in 20 patients and an infraorbital approach was used in one patient. All patients underwent follow-up examinations clinically as well as radiologically, at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Computed tomographic scans were taken at the postoperative 6th month, and at the first postoperative year if needed. Results Preoperatively, the physical examination revealed diplopia in 17 patients (80.9%), gaze restriction in 14 patients (66.6%), enophthalmos in six patients (28.5%), and infraorbital nerve paresthesia in two patients (9.5%). None of the patients showed impaired visual acuity preoperatively or postoperatively. Diplopia and gaze restriction resolved postoperatively in all of the patients. All patients had a negative intraoperative forced duction test demonstrating free globe movement. Enophthalmos showed complete resolution in the postoperative period. In one of the two patients with preoperative infraorbital nerve paresthesia, this resolved at the postoperative fifth month. Scleral show appeared in six patients but resolved completely within 3–8 weeks with massage. There was no graft extrusion, resorption or displacement during the follow-up period. Conclusions Tecnoss Semi Soft Lamina is a good alternative for the reconstruction of blowout fractures due to its plasticity and biocompatible structure. Without donor site morbidity, it is a safe and appropriate heterologous bone graft material for maxillofacial applications such as orbital floor reconstruction. We cannot recommend its use for near-total, wide orbital floor defects as it may not provide enough support in such circumstances.

A new option for the reconstruction of orbital floor defects with heterologous cortical bone.

Multiple symmetric lipomatosis is a very rare condition, which is characterized by diffuse, painless, uncapsulated, symmetrical accumulation of fat tissue, usually in the context of chronic alcoholism. Hereby, we presented a 52-year-old female patient who had multiple symmetric lipomatosis. The patient underwent liposuction combined with dermolipectomy. We discussed our result and the alternatives for the treatment of this rare condition.

http://www.turkplastsurg.org/index.php/tprecd/article/download/1947/650

Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis: A Case Report

Dear Editors, An iatrogenic wound can be defined as a wound that is attained during or as a result of medical treatment provided by a health care giver. A study by Lee et al. reported that the most common iatrogenic injuries that are referred to plastic surgeons are extravasation injuries, followed by cast-induced injuries and vasopressor-induced necrosis (1). Pressure sores can also be identified within the iatrogenic wound spectrum, as a majority of such wounds occur during treatment in a medical facility and is regarded as a serious complication of hospitalisation (2). Stationary positioning and the subsequent altered tissue perfusion along with a compromised nutritional status are among the main factors that lead to decubitus ulcers, and universal precautions are taken in order to minimise the risk (3). Several iatrogenic wounds have been referred to us, mainly unconventional pressure sores in patients undergoing medical treatment in different branches. We believe that the main reason behind the occurrence of these wounds in the wards is the lack of attention given to areas distant to the area of primary pathology. One dramatic case of an iatrogenic pressure sore was a 61-year-old male patient who presented with circumferential penile necrosis following the rigorous taping of an external urinary catheter after colon surgery (Figure 1). However, the necrosis was superficial, and the patient was treated with debridement followed by skin grafting. Another unusual case of an iatrogenic pressure sore was a 42-year-old female patient who presented with a linear ulcer in her left popliteal area due to thromboembolic sock compression following gastric surgery (Figure 2). Her wounds were also treated with debridement and local wound care.

Iatrogenic pressure sores: primum non nocere.

Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL), known as Madelung’s disease, is characterized by the growth of uncapsulated masses of adipose tissue.1 These abnormal diffuse lipomas grow in different areas of the body, generally in the neck, shoulder, and inguinal areas.2 MSL typically occurs around the neck (buffalo humps), parotid region (hamster cheeks), and cervical region (horse collar).3 The problem is almost entirely cosmetic, but functional problems have been occasionally reported, such as tracheal compression4, difficulty in obtaining clothes that fit, and inability to turn the head from side to side.5

Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis: Madelung's Disease Multiple Simetrik Lipomatozis: Madelung Hastaliği

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