1. ABSTRACT 3D spatial data are of increasing interest in urban areas. Especially the WWW offers new application areas for communication and interaction between planners and concerned citizens and clients. Using a data model which supports both 3D geometry and 3D topology, we have developed a 3D-GIS including a web-based user interface implemented in Java and VRML. However, handling the 3D city models’ large amount of data is critical. Therefore we are using several levels of detaiI for visualization. In a distributed environment, not only the rendering time is critical, but aIso the data transfer time. In our web-based approach, we are using a load on demand paradigm for transferring the scene data. Additionally, we progressively stream the VRML scene, giving the user an impression as fast as possible.

Integrating levels of detail in a Web-based 3D-GIS

Executive Summary: Significant advances have been made over the past decade in the development of scientifically and industry accepted tools for the performance assessment of buildings in terms of energy, carbon, water, indoor environment quality etc. For resilient, sustainable low carbon urban development to be realised in the 21st century, however, will require several radical transitions in design performance beyond the scale of individual buildings. One of these involves the creation and application of leading edge tools (not widely available to built environment professions and practitioners) capable of being applied to an assessment of performance across all stages of development at a precinct scale (neighbourhood, community and district) in either greenfield, brownfield or greyfield settings. A core aspect here is the development of a new way of modelling precincts, referred to as Precinct Information Modelling (PIM) that provides for transparent sharing and linking of precinct object information across the development life cycle together with consistent, accurate and reliable access to reference data, including that associated with the urban context of the precinct. Neighbourhoods are the ‘building blocks’ of our cities and represent the scale at which urban design needs to make its contribution to city performance: as productive, liveable, environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive places (COAG 2009). Neighbourhood design constitutes a major area for innovation as part of an urban design protocol established by the federal government (Department of Infrastructure and Transport 2011, see Figure 1). The ability to efficiently and effectively assess urban design performance at a neighbourhood level is in its infancy. This study was undertaken by Swinburne University of Technology, University of New South Wales, CSIRO and buildingSMART Australasia on behalf of the CRC for Low Carbon Living.

/pdf/performance-assessment-of-urban-precinct-design-a-scoping-zetuiwhknv.pdf

Performance assessment of urban precinct design: a scoping study

Embodiments of the present invention relate to displaying and navigating within photo placemarks in a geographic information system. In one embodiment, a computer implemented method displays a photographic image within geographic information in a geographic information system. The photographic image is displayed at a location within the geographic information when the photographic image is located within a field of view of a virtual camera of the geographic information system. In response to a computer input event, the photographic image is displayed in greater detail.

Displaying and navigating within photo placemarks in a geographic information system and applications thereof

This computer model was commissioned by the Tower Environs Partnership as part of the technical studies to underpin proposed enhancement of the surroundings of the Tower of London. It is intended to provide a sufficiently fine-grained photo-realistic facsimile to allow fine judgement of minor changes in landscape detail. Its credibility is underpinned by close correspondence to the original survey data and by the ability to compare viewpoints with matching photographs taken on site. These models enable examination of the visual impact of both the Tower Environs Scheme proposals and of projected neighbouring schemes which may affect its setting in the future. Future development of the model is proposed to enable change to be experienced before it is committed, to explore different interpretations of historic evidence, and to forge stronger links to other sources of information. In this way, the model can be used as a unified way of finding out more about the Tower and its surroundings, both in the present and in the past. Through these means a much wider and more varied range of people can gain from using the model, increasing the justification for the resources involved in keeping it up to date.

The Tower of London computer models

It is becoming increasingly important to European democratic governments to increase public participation. One of the areas that gives rise to significant public dissatisfaction and feelings of dis-empowerment is that of local planning. "Not in my backyard" or NIMBYism is now often quoted as the almost automatic response to local planning proposals. We argue that more effective tools are required to clearly display local planning proposals in web based interactive 3D, free at the point of access. Initial workshops have shown that such tools are only likely to be used if those so doing can influence the outcome. Consensus needs to be obtained among a broad group to exert strong influence. Tools are therefore needed to share concerns, examine alternatives, and propose solutions through collaborative citizen based examination and discussion. This paper describes the development and trialling in itself constitutes an important element of the dialogue. of prototype tools for this purpose in the Virtual Environmental Planning System (VEPs) project. The focus of this paper is on tools to support collaborative dialogue and to draw attention to or to focus on specific issues in a 3D web based interactive environment. The issues may be presented synchronously in the form of whiteboard conferencing, or asynchronously. Playback facilities for previous synchronous discussion may be useful as a record of points of agreement, and in this respect require subsequent additional more expansive description for full understanding by others. Similar tools are required to support asynchronous debate. It is suggested that effective, easy to use, to understand and review records of synchronous exchanges of views or tools for asynchronous discussion may need to create an illustrated narrative, and in this respect adopt the readily understood language of film.

Web 3D based dialogue for public participation and the VEPs Project

A procedural approach to simplification of detailed 3D cityscape models for virtual reality

Background Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning (LGBTQ+) people experience healthcare inequalities in cancer care. Previous studies have focused on knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of healthcare professionals (HCPs) treating adults with cancer and how these contribute to inequalities. To date, no research has focused on HCPs treating LGBTQ+ children and adolescents with cancer in the UK. This is important given that this group may be at a critical time for exploring their gender identity and sexual orientation, whilst also facing a cancer diagnosis. We aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of paediatric, teenage and young adult oncology HCPs treating LGBTQ+ patients in the UK. Methods We carried out semi-structured interviews with 8 HCPs in paediatric, teenage and young adult (TYA) oncology from the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. Eight questions were asked, which centred around participants’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding management of LGBTQ+ patients in oncology. Interview transcripts were analysed by inductive thematic analysis. Results We identified 10 themes, including novel themes (how HCPs acquire knowledge and expectations of a ‘third party’ to be the expert) which may underlie previously observed trends in knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of HCPs. We highlight other themes and HCP concerns specific to care of LGBTQ+ patients in paediatrics (influence of the parental-carer dynamic, concerns around patient age and development as a barrier to disclosure) which require further research. We found evidence of the interrelatedness of HCP knowledge, attitudes and behaviours and the ability of these elements to positively influence each other. We mapped our themes across these elements to form a new suggested framework for improving HCP-patient interactions in LGBTQ+ Cancer Care. We found a need both for individual HCP education and organisational change, with creation of a culture of psychological safety to improve patient care. Conclusion Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of HCPs are closely interdependent when providing care to young LGBTQ+ patients with cancer. The authors suggest that future efforts to improve care of these patients address this complexity by spanning the domains of our suggested framework. Whilst HCP education is essential, change must also occur at an organisational level.

/pdf/knowing-to-ask-and-feeling-safe-to-tell-understanding-the-1bm0y9gh.pdf

Knowing to Ask and Feeling Safe to Tell - Understanding the Influences of HCP-Patient Interactions in Cancer Care for LGBTQ+ Children and Young People

Appropriate symbols and their use in detailed 3D cityscape models

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A procedural approach to simplification of detailed 3D cityscape models for virtual reality

Knowing to Ask and Feeling Safe to Tell - Understanding the Influences of HCP-Patient Interactions in Cancer Care for LGBTQ+ Children and Young People

Appropriate symbols and their use in detailed 3D cityscape models