Cell functionalization with recently developed various nano- and microcarriers for therapeutics has significantly expanded the application of cell therapy and targeted drug delivery for the effective treatment of a number of diseases. The aim of this progress report is to review the most recent advances in cell-based drug vehicles designed as biological transporter platforms for the targeted delivery of different drugs. For the design of cell-based drug vehicles, different pathways of cell functionalization, such as covalent and noncovalent surface modifications, internalization of carriers are considered in greater detail together with approaches for cell visualization in vivo. In addition, several animal models for the study of cell-assisted drug delivery are discussed. Finally, possible future developments and applications of cell-assisted drug vehicles toward targeted transport of drugs to a designated location with no or minimal immune response and toxicity are addressed in light of new pathways in the field of nanomedicine.

Cell-Based Drug Delivery and Use of Nano-and Microcarriers for Cell Functionalization.

Live donors for liver transplantation

Introduction: Recent advances in diagnostic modalities and therapeutic agents have raised the importance of prognostic factors in predicting overall survival, as well as predictive factors for surg...

Prognostic and predictive factors on overall survival and surgical outcomes in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: recent advances and controversies

C34 Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) involving the duodenum are rarely reported. The present surgical opinions is divided regarding the optimal method for the resection of duodenal GIST with some investigators supporting the selective use of limited resection (LR) versus others who prefer pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).  Methods: A retrospective review of 22 patients who underwent surgery for a GIST or suspected GIST involving the duodenum at a single institution was performed. Comparison was made between GIST versus other non-GIST benign submucosal tumors and between results of LR versus PD.  Results: There were 15 GISTs, 1 leiomyosarcoma and 6 other non-GIST benign submucosal tumors. 20 patients underwent curative resection including 7 PDs and 13 LRs. Surgery with palliative intent was performed in 2 patients with advanced duodenal leiomyosarcoma and GIST respectively. All 7 PDs were performed for GIST and all 6 patients with benign non-GIST submucosal tumors underwent LR. Comparison between the clinicopathological features of GIST and other benign tumors demonstrated that patient demographics and clinical presentation were similar and that size was the only statistically significant distinguishing factor. Comparison between LR versus PD demonstrated that LR was associated with a significantly shorter operation time but both had similar morbidity and mortality rates. Seven patients with GIST underwent LR and 7 underwent PD. The median follow-up of the 14 patients was 42 (range, 2-174) months and all were alive at follow-up. The long-term outcomes of patients who underwent LR versus PD were similar in terms of disease-specific specific survival and recurrence rates. Two patients (1 moderate risk and 1 high risk GIST) who underwent PD and 1 patient (high risk GIST) who underwent LR developed recurrences and all 3 recurrences occurred at distant sites.  Conclusion: Benign non-GIST submucosal tumors should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of small duodenal submucosal tumors. LR is a viable treatment option in patients with suspected GIST involving the duodenum provided that complete resection with clear margins can be obtained. PD should be reserved for patients where LR is not technically feasible.

Outcome after surgical treatment of suspected gastrointestinal stromal tumors involving the duodenum: Is limited resection appropriate?

The expression of PARK7 is upregulated in various types of cancer, suggesting its potential role as a critical regulator of the pathogenesis of cancer and in the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington disease. PARK7 activates various intracellular signaling pathways that have been implicated in the induction of tumor progression, which subsequently enhances tumor initiation, continued proliferation, metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to chemotherapy. Additionally, secreted PARK7 has been identified as a high-risk factor for the pathogenesis and survival of various cancers. This review summarizes the current understanding of the correlation between the expression of PARK7 and tumor progression.

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/5/1256/pdf

Novel Insights into PARK7 (DJ-1), a Potential Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Target, and Implications for Cancer Progression.

Background
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms. However, duodenal GISTs compromise a small and rare subset and few studies have focused on them. We evaluated the surgical management of patients with duodenal GISTs treated by pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) versus local resection (LR) in our institution and analyzed the postoperative outcomes.

/pdf/pancreaticoduodenectomy-versus-local-resection-in-the-3l1yjhudja.pdf

Pancreaticoduodenectomy versus local resection in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the duodenum

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. They can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, and rarely outside the digestive tract. We herein report a case of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor that was resected from the liver of a 56-year-old male, which is the sixth description of a primary hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The tumor was shown to be completely limited within the liver by radiological, intraoperative and pathological examinations. The pathological results demonstrated an intermediate risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and immunohistochemical expression of CD117 was positive. Although rare, we suggested that GISTs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatic nodules, and that not all hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors should automatically be considered to be metastases from a primary gastrointestinal site.

Primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the liver: report of a case

Castleman's disease (CD) is an uncommon, poorly understood lymphoproliferative disease. Retroperitoneal forms may present as either a unicentric or multicentric disease. The present study reports the case of a 36-year-old man who was referred to the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, China), for a detailed examination of an abdominal mass. The abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scans revealed a solid mass localized in the region between segment 1 of the liver and the pancreas. An endosonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealed chronic inflammation and lymphadenosis. The present study reports a rare case, in which the patient was treated with an exploratory laparotomy and resection. The retroperitoneal mass was pathologically diagnosed as CD of the hyaline vascular type. The patient was closely followed-up for 11 months and is presently free of disease. In conclusion, the possibility of unicentric CD should be considered when facing a solid hypervascular retroperitoneal mass. A complete surgical resection may successfully treat the disease without an unnecessarily extensive resection for the unicentric type.

/pdf/surgical-management-of-isolated-retroperitoneal-castleman-s-4i4fd2byyn.pdf

Surgical management of isolated retroperitoneal Castleman's disease: A case report.

BACKGROUND Identification of biomarkers of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) is important for stratification of the prognosis. Ki-67 index was the significant prognostic factor for PNETs. Recently, MMP-9, DJ-1, and α-1-B glycoprotein (A1BG) were shown to be the prognostic markers in some malignant tumors except for PNETs. The aim of this study was to compare these tumor markers for predicting disease-free survival in surgically resected PNETs. METHODS A retrospective review of patients pathologically diagnosed with PNETs at our institution from January 2012 to January 2014 was conducted. Tumor specimens were stained by immunochemistry for MMP-9, DJ-1, A1BG, and Ki-67. Clinicopathologic findings and these 4 tumor markers of patients with PNETs were analyzed. Prognostic factors were determined by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS A total of 40 patients were selected. Of 40 tumors, 19 (47.5%) were positive for MMP-9, 21 (52.5%) for DJ-1, 18 (45%) for A1BG, and 24 (60%) for Ki-67 > 2%. Four (10%) tumors expressed none of the markers. MMP-9 and DJ-1 expression were more frequently observed in distant metastasis, higher WHO grade, and lymph node metastasis. Similarly, those with Ki-67 > 2% had larger tumor, higher WHO grade, lymph node invasion and larger surgical procedures. A1BG had no substantial effect on distant metastasis. Univariate analyses revealed that grade 2/3 histology, distant metastasis, lymph nodes metastasis, high expression of MMP-9, high expression of DJ-1, and Ki-67 > 2% were predictive of inferior disease-free survival for PNETs (all p 2% (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Of the 4 markers studied, only Ki-67 was the independent prognostic factor. Expression of MMP-9 and DJ-1 correlated with invasion, metastasis, disease progression, and poor prognosis in PNETs, while A1BG had no prognostic value in PNETs. It is anticipated that these findings can serve as useful clinical survival predictors, especially in the setting of resected disease.

Comparison of Tumor Markers for Predicting Disease-Free Survival in Surgically Resected Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is a rare disease that is characterized by the presence of hemopoietic tissue outside the bone marrow. The masses that form are usually microscopic and asymptomatic, but occasionally lead to tumor-like masses. A 56-year-old male who initially presented to the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, China) with upper abdominal pain and jaundice was found to have paravertebral masses in the thorax. Histopathological examination of a computed tomography-guided needle aspiration biopsy of the masses revealed EMH. The current study presents this unusual case, in which EMH was diagnosed by chance in a patient with hereditary spherocytosis. As the intrathoracic EMH was asymptomatic, the patient was discharged with the proviso of regular follow-up examinations. The patient exhibited improved blood cell counts following a splenectomy to reduce the hemolysis and stabilize the thoracic masses. The thoracic masses have been closely followed for one and a half years. A correct diagnosis can thus aid in avoiding unnecessary surgical intervention, particularly in an asymptomatic patient.

/pdf/intrathoracic-extramedullary-hematopoiesis-mimicking-2agoc9pb3j.pdf

Intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis mimicking intrathoracic tumors: A case report.

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