Epigenetic modifications of inflammation in intervertebral disc degeneration

Long non-coding RNAs as new players in bladder cancer: Lessons from pre-clinical and clinical studies.

Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the 10 most common cancers with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a large class of noncoding RNA transcripts, consist of more than 200 nucleotides and play a significant role in the regulation of molecular interactions and cellular pathways during the occurrence and development of various cancers. In recent years, with the rapid advancement of high-throughput gene sequencing technology, several differentially expressed lncRNAs have been discovered in BCa, and their functions have been proven to have an impact on BCa development, such as cell growth and proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and drug-resistance. Furthermore, evidence suggests that lncRNAs are significantly associated with BCa patients' clinicopathological characteristics, especially tumor grade, TNM stage, and clinical progression stage. In addition, lncRNAs have the potential to more accurately predict BCa patient prognosis, suggesting their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for BCa patients in the future. In this review, we briefly summarize and discuss recent research progress on BCa-associated lncRNAs, while focusing on their biological functions and mechanisms, clinical significance, and targeted therapy in BCa oncogenesis and malignant progression.

/pdf/biological-functions-and-clinical-significance-of-long-42xnsz74ie.pdf

Biological functions and clinical significance of long noncoding RNAs in bladder cancer.

The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) is a family of intracellular cytoplasmic transcription factors involved in many biological functions in mammalian signal transduction. Among them, STAT3 is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. Despite the advances in the treatment of pancreatic cancer in the past decade, the prognosis for patients with pancreatic cancer remains poor. STAT3 has been shown to play a pro-cancer role in a variety of cancers, and inhibitors of STAT3 are used in pre-clinical and clinical studies. We reviewed the relationship between STAT3 and pancreatic cancer and the latest results on the use of STAT3 inhibitors in pancreatic cancer, with the aim of providing insights and ideas around STAT3 inhibitors for a new generation of chemotherapeutic modalities for pancreatic cancer.

/pdf/stat3-inhibitors-a-novel-insight-for-anticancer-therapy-of-7jo1u7cb.pdf

STAT3 Inhibitors: A Novel Insight for Anticancer Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer

The clinical management of bladder cancer (BC) has become an increasing challenge due to high incidence rate of BC, malignant behavior of cancer cells and drug resistance. The non-coding RNAs are considered as key factors involved in BC progression. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules and do not encode proteins. They have more than 200 nucleotides in length and affect gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional phases. The lncRNAs demonstrate abnormal expression in BC cells and tissues. The present aims to identifying lncRNAs with tumor-suppressor and tumor-promoting roles, and evaluating their roles as regulatory of growth and migration. Apoptosis, glycolysis and EMT are tightly regulated by lncRNAs in BC. Response of BC cells to cisplatin, doxorubicin and gemcitabine chemotherapy is modulated by lncRNAs. LncRNAs regulate immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment and affect response of BC cells to immunotherapy. Besides, lncRNAs are able to regulate microRNAs, STAT3, Wnt, PTEN and PI3K/Akt pathways in affecting both proliferation and migration of BC cells. Noteworthy, anti-tumor compounds and genetic tools such as siRNA, shRNA and CRISPR/Cas systems can regulate lncRNA expression in BC. Finally, lncRNAs and exosomal lncRNAs can be considered as potential diagnostic and prognostic tools in BC. 

Long non-coding RNAs as new players in bladder cancer: Lessons from pre-clinical and clinical studies

Objective Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) has been reported to play a vital role in tumorigenesis. This study explored the biological role of CASC9 and its regulation mechanism in bladder cancer (BC). Methods Gene expression was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The functional role of CASC9 in BC was studied using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assay, scratch wound healing assay, transwell invasion assay, and xenograft tumor assay. In addition, the mechanism of CASC9 function in BC was determined using RNA immunoprecipitation assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Results CASC9 was upregulated in BC tissues and cell lines, and correlated with the staging and metastasis in BC. Knockdown of CASC9 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells. Similarly, silencing of CASC9 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was upregulated in BC tissues and cell lines, and positively correlated with CASC9 in BC tissues. Moreover, CASC9 was shown to be regulated by STAT3 in BC cells. Furthermore, CASC9 regulated phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression by interacting with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). More significantly, CASC9 silencing-mediated inhibition of BC progression was partly reversed by EZH2 overexpression or PTEN inhibition. Conclusion Upregulation of CASC9 induced by STAT3 promoted the progression of BC by interacting with EZH2 and affecting the expression of PTEN, representing a novel regulatory mechanism for BC progression.

/pdf/stat3-induced-upregulation-of-lncrna-casc9-promotes-the-1585u60alk.pdf

STAT3-Induced Upregulation of lncRNA CASC9 Promotes the Progression of Bladder Cancer by Interacting with EZH2 and Affecting the Expression of PTEN

Objective
To systematically evaluate the clinical effect of prone position mechanical ventilation on the improvement of oxygenation in patients with severe pneumonia.


Methods
Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP database were searched from the time of database built up until December 10th, 2017. All the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the effects of prone position ventilation on the oxygenation of severe pneumonia patients were screened, and were confirmed by the literature reference citation retrieval. Inclusion and exclusion criteria had been used to review and rank the literature. After evaluating the quality of included studies, the data was extracted from RCTs and given a Meta-analysis using RevMen 5.1.


Results
Twelve RCTs with 650 cases were included. Eleven of them were Chinese literature while 1 was in English. Ten studies showed that the prone position ventilation had a significant influence on improving partial pressure of oxygen [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 9.93, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 2.92-16.95, P = 0.006], publication bias was found in these studies. Seven studies showed that the prone position ventilation had a significant influence on partial pressure of carbon dioxide (WMD = 9.99, 95%CI = 1.81-18.18, P = 0.02), publication bias was found in these studies. Seven studies showed that the prone position ventilation had a significant influence on oxygenation index (WMD = 31.22, 95%CI = 26.06-36.39, P < 0.000 01), publication bias was found in these studies. Two studies showed that the prone position ventilation had a significant influence on oxygen saturation of blood (WMD = 2.12, 95%CI = 1.24-3.00, P < 0.000 01), no publication bias was found in these studies.


Conclusion
Prone position ventilation can effectively improve the patients' oxygenation index, partial pressure of oxygen, and oxygen saturation of blood, and reduce the partial pressure of carbon dioxide.


Key words: 
Severe pneumonia; Prone position ventilation; Oxygenation; Meta-analysis

Meta analysis of observing prone position ventilation role in the oxygenation of severe pneumonia patients

Tumor immune escape plays an essential role in both cancer progression and immunotherapy responses. For prostate cancer (PC), however, the molecular mechanisms that drive its different immune phenotypes have yet to be fully elucidated. Patient gene expression data were analyzed from The Cancer Genome Atlas-prostate adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PRAD) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. We used a Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) analysis and an unsupervised clustering analysis to identify patient subgroups with distinct immune phenotypes. These distinct phenotypes were then explored for associations for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and both epigenetic and genetic landscapes. Finally, we used a protein-protein interaction analysis to identify key hub genes. We identified two patient subgroups with independent immune phenotypes associated with the expression of Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Patient samples in Cluster 1 (C1) had higher scores for immune-cell subsets compared to Cluster 2 (C2), and C2 samples had higher specific somatic mutations, MHC mutations, and genomic copy number variations compared to C1. We also found additional cluster phenotype differences for DNA methylation, microRNA (miRNA) expression, and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression. Furthermore, we established a 4-gene model to distinguish between clusters by integrating analyses for DEGs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and methylation. Notably, we found that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) might serve as a key hub gene within the genetic and epigenetic regulatory networks. These results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor immune phenotypes that are associated with tumor immune escape. In addition, GFAP may be a potential biomarker for both PC diagnosis and prognosis.

/pdf/bioinformatics-analysis-of-gfap-as-a-potential-key-regulator-4nqsauwq8i.pdf

Bioinformatics Analysis of GFAP as a Potential Key Regulator in Different Immune Phenotypes of Prostate Cancer.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Bo Yuan

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

STAT3-Induced Upregulation of lncRNA CASC9 Promotes the Progression of Bladder Cancer by Interacting with EZH2 and Affecting the Expression of PTEN

Meta analysis of observing prone position ventilation role in the oxygenation of severe pneumonia patients

Bioinformatics Analysis of GFAP as a Potential Key Regulator in Different Immune Phenotypes of Prostate Cancer.