Background: Acute myocardial infarction (MI) accounts for one third of deaths. Cardiac troponin I (TnI) is a reliable biomarker of cardiac muscle tissue injury and is employed in the early diagnosis of MI. Objectives: In this study, a molecular method is introduced to early diagnosis of MI by rapid detection of TnI. Materials and Methods: The detection method was based on electrochemical aptasensing, being developed using different methods and evaluation steps. A gold electrode was used as a transducer to successful immobilize 76base aptamer to fabricate a TnI biosensor. Results: The designed aptasensor could detect TnI in a range of 0.03 to 2.0 ng mL -1 without using any label, pre-concentration or amplification steps. The limit of detection was attained as 10 pg mL -1 without significant trouble of interfering species. The TnI biosensor demonestrated a stable, regenerative and reproducible function. 89 human samples were used to evaluate the performance of the TnI biosensor, and it represented 100% and 81%, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Conclusions: This aptasensor may be used as an applicable tool in the future of early medical diagnosis of MI.

https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43308_39367e36314e1cc46991664b0c9e6e52.pdf

An Aptamer-based Biosensor for Troponin I Detection in Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction.

Objectives: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the major cause of mortality worldwide and caused mainly by atherosclerosis of coronary arteries Apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) is a major component of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its oxidation can trigger inflammation in vascular endothelial cells leading to atherosclerosis The association between antibodies to ApoB100-derived antigens and atherosclerotic diseases has been studied in recent years, but the findings appear to be controversial The present study developed an ELISA in-house with ApoB100-derived peptide antigens to circulating anti-ApoB100 IgG antibodies in patients with ACS Methods: Fifteen ApoB100-derived peptide antigens (Ag1-Ag15) were designed to develop an in-house ELISA for the detection of circulating anti-ApoB100 IgG levels in 350 patients with ACS and 201 control subjects amongst a Chinese population Binary logistic regression was applied to examine the differences in anti-ApoB IgG levels between the patient group and the control group with adjustment for a number of confounding factors; the correlation between anti-ApoB100 IgG levels and clinical characteristics was also tested Results: Patients with ACS had significantly higher levels of plasma IgG for Ag1 (adjusted P<0001) and Ag10 antigens (adjusted P<0001) There was no significant increase in the levels of IgG to the other 13 antigens in these ACS patients In the control group, anti-Ag10 IgG levels were positively correlated with age, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and ApoA levels (P≤0001 for all) and negatively correlated with blood triglyceride (TG) (P=0008); in the patient group, anti-Ag10 IgG levels were positively correlated with LDL (P=0003), and negatively correlated with ApoA (P=0048) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P=0036) The area under ROC (receiver operator characteristic) curve (AUC) was 0612 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0560-0664; P<0001) in anti-Ag1 IgG assay and 0621 (95% CI: 0569-0672; P<0001) in anti-Ag10 IgG assay Conclusion: Circulating IgG for ApoB100-derived peptide antigens may be a useful biomarker of ACS, although anti-ApoB IgG levels were not associated with the coronary artery plaque burden characterized by the coronary Gensini score

/pdf/associations-between-circulating-igg-antibodies-to-2sbbwwgcym.pdf

Associations between circulating IgG antibodies to Apolipoprotein B100-derived peptide antigens and acute coronary syndrome in a Chinese Han population.

Cardiovascular diseases form the most common cause of death worldwide, with atherosclerosis as main etiology. Atherosclerosis is marked by cholesterol rich lipoprotein deposition in the artery wall, evoking a pathogenic immune response. Characteristic for the disease is the pathogenic accumulation of macrophages in the atherosclerotic lesion, which become foam cells after ingestion of large quantities of lipoproteins. We hypothesized that, by inducing a CD8 T cell response towards lipoprotein derived apolipoprotein-B100 (ApoB100), lesional macrophages, that are likely to cross-present lipoprotein constituents, can specifically be eliminated. Based on in silico models for protein processing and MHC-I binding, 6 putative CD8 T cell epitopes derived from ApoB100 were synthesized. HLA-A2 binding was confirmed for all peptides by T2 cell binding assays and recall responses after vaccination with the peptides proved that 5 of 6 peptides could induce CD8 T cell responses. Induction of ApoB100 specific CD8 T cells did not impact plaque size and cellular composition in HLA-A2 and human ApoB100 transgenic LDLr−/− mice. No recall response could be detected in cultures of cells isolated from the aortic arch, which were observed in cell cultures of splenocytes and mesenteric lymph nodes, suggesting that the atherosclerotic environment impairs CD8 T cell activation.

/pdf/induction-of-hla-a2-restricted-cd8-t-cell-responses-against-1ucyho4pqo.pdf

Induction of HLA-A2 restricted CD8 T cell responses against ApoB100 peptides does not affect atherosclerosis in a humanized mouse model.

https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/j.fob.2015.08.006

Detection of circulating IgG antibodies to apolipoprotein B100 in acute myocardial infarction

Aim In the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, autoantibodies have two-facedness of progression and protection. Previous reports have indicated that low autoantibody levels against apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) could increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in healthy subjects. In this study, we investigated the relationship between circulating anti-apo B-100 autoantibodies and the clinical parameters in Japanese diabetic patients with or without CVD. Methods We measured the serum levels of anti-apo B-100 autoantibodies against native and malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified p45 or p210 epitopes, as well as anti-apo E autoantibodies, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results In patients with CVD, the circulating levels of IgG against native p45, MDA-modified p45, and MDA-modified p210 (IgGN-45, IgGMDA-45, and IgGMDA-210) were significantly lower than those in patients without CVD, whereas no difference was observed in anti-apo E autoantibody levels. In addition, IgMN-45, IgMMDA-45, and IgGMDA-45 were negatively correlated with LDL-C levels, whereas IgGN-45 and IgGN-210 were positively correlated with HbA1c levels. No correlation was observed between autoantibody levels and diabetic microangiopathy. In the statin-treated subgroup, IgGMDA-45 and IgGMDA-210 were significantly lower in patients with CVD than in those without CVD. Conclusion Measurement of serum anti-apo B-100 autoantibodies can be useful for the evaluation of CVD risk in patients with diabetes receiving statin treatment.

Serum Anti-Apo B Antibody Level as Residual CVD Marker in DM Patients under Statin Treatment.

Objectives. It has long been noted that there is an association of antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) with cardiovascular disease, but the anti-oxLDL antibody has not been confirmed as a biomarker for prediction of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) may carry the epitopes for the immune response to oxLDL. The present work was thus undertaken to detect circulating antibodies to ApoB in non-ST segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS). Design. A total of 130 patients with NSTE-ACS and 201 control subjects were recruited. Six ApoB-derived peptipe antigens (Ag1–Ag6) were used to develop an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine circulating anti-ApoB IgG levels. Results. The anti-Ag1 IgG level was significantly higher in the patient group than the control group (P < 0.001) and the non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction appeared to be the main form of NSTE-ACS contributing to the increased levels of anti-Ag1 IgG (P < 0.001); there was no signifi...

A study of IgG antibodies to the ApoB protein in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome

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Detection of circulating IgG antibodies to apolipoprotein B100 in acute myocardial infarction

A study of IgG antibodies to the ApoB protein in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome