Diabetes is a common metabolic disease characterized by abnormally high plasma glucose levels, leading to major complications, such as diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases. One of the effective managements of diabetes mellitus, in particular, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to decrease postprandial hyperglycemia, is to retard the absorption of glucose by inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase, in the digestive organs. α-Glucosidase is the key enzyme catalyzing the final step in the digestive process of carbohydrates. Hence, α-glucosidase inhibitors can retard the liberation of d-glucose from dietary complex carbohydrates and delay glucose absorption, resulting in reduced postprandial plasma glucose levels and suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia. In recent years, many efforts have been made to identify effective α-glucosidase inhibitors from natural sources in order to develop a physiologic functional food or lead compounds for use against diabetes. Many α-glucosidase inhibitors that are phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids,anthocyanins, glycosides, phenolic compounds, and so on, have been isolated from plants. In the present review, we focus on the constituents isolated from different plants having α-glucosidase inhibitory potency along with IC50 values.

α-glucosidase inhibitors from plants: A natural approach to treat diabetes.

Recent discovery of plant-derived anti-diabetic natural products

In vitro antioxidant and inhibitory potential of Terminalia bellerica and Emblica officinalis fruits against LDL oxidation and key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes

Synthesis of chitosan-gallic acid conjugate: structure characterization and in vitro anti-diabetic potential.

A Randomized survey of medicinal plants used by folk medicinal healers of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of Syzygium cumini (Linn.) Skeels seed kernel in vitro and in Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rats

Effects of nano-TiO2 on the bioavailability and toxicity of bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) in developing zebrafish.

Natural products, which reduce hyperglycemia by enhancing the glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, have been considered to be effective for treatment of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Salvia miltiorrhiza (Labiatae), danshen, has been widely used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In the present study, different extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza root were investigated for their ability to enhance glucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. An in vitro bioassay guided fractionation approach was adapted to isolate the active principle of Salvia miltiorrhiza using extensive column chromatographic techniques. The structure of active compound was elucidated using various spectroscopic methods (ESI-MS, MALDI-ToF, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY, TOCSY, HETCOR) and determined to be magnesium salt of salvianolic acid B (SAB). SAB showed concentration dependent increase in glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The efficacy of the active principle was also evaluated for its antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. SAB (25 mg/kg) significantly improved the glucose tolerance in diabetic rats (*p<0.05, ** p<0.01). The SAB treatment group showed significantly lower (*p<0.05) blood glucose levels over 120 min as compared to diabetic control group. Thus, these results suggested that SAB has the potential to be developed as a potential glucose-lowering agent by increasing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

/pdf/bioassay-guided-isolation-of-the-antidiabetic-active-2h48o0psmb.pdf

Bioassay-guided Isolation of the Antidiabetic Active Principle from Salviamiltiorrhiza and its Stimulatory Effects on Glucose Uptake Using 3T3-L1Adipocytes

Oldenlandia diffusa (OD, Bai Hua She She Cao) and Viola philippica Car. (VPC, Zi Hua Di Ding) are both commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Although studies have demonstrated their anticancer activities on cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo , no systematic reports were carried out. The objective of this study was to examine their cytotoxic activities in vitro. We used the ethanol extracts of these two herbs and examined their cytotoxic effect on four cancer cell lines and two non-cancer cell lines using an MTT cytotoxicity assay. The results showed that the ethanol extracts of OD and VPC effectively inhibited the growth of all the cancer cell lines, particularly MiaPacA-2 cancer cells. Significantly less cytotoxicity was observed in non-cancer cell line NIH3T3. We also tested the drug sensitivity of OD and VPC in a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpressing multidrug resistant cell line KB-C2. Our results showed that OD and VPC can potently inhibit the growth of KB-C2 cells. Therefore, this study has revealed the remarkable anticancer activity of these two TCMs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that shows potential anticancer activity in multidrug resistant cells in extracts of OD and VPC using scientific methods of evaluation.

Anticancer Activity of Oldenlandia Diffusa & Viola Philippica Car

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α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of Syzygium cumini (Linn.) Skeels seed kernel in vitro and in Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rats

Effects of nano-TiO2 on the bioavailability and toxicity of bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) in developing zebrafish.

Bioassay-guided Isolation of the Antidiabetic Active Principle from Salviamiltiorrhiza and its Stimulatory Effects on Glucose Uptake Using 3T3-L1Adipocytes

Anticancer Activity of Oldenlandia Diffusa & Viola Philippica Car