Recent advances in aptamer-based optical and electrochemical biosensors for detection of pesticides and veterinary drugs

Tissue engineering is a promising strategy to treat tissue and organ loss or damage caused by injury or disease. During the past two decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted a tremendous amount of interest in tissue engineering due to their multipotency and self-renewal ability. MSCs are also the most multipotent stem cells in the human adult body. However, the application of MSCs in tissue engineering is relatively limited because it is difficult to guide their differentiation toward a specific cell lineage by using traditional biochemical factors. Besides biochemical factors, the differentiation of MSCs also influenced by biophysical cues. To this end, much effort has been devoted to directing the cell lineage decisions of MSCs through adjusting the biophysical properties of biomaterials. The surface topography of the biomaterial-based scaffold can modulate the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs. Presently, the development of micro- and nano-fabrication techniques has made it possible to control the surface topography of the scaffold precisely. In this review, we highlight and discuss how the main topographical features (i.e., roughness, patterns, and porosity) are an efficient approach to control the fate of MSCs and the application of topography in tissue engineering.

/pdf/topography-a-biophysical-approach-to-direct-the-fate-of-4vx1fqwmp1.pdf

Topography: A Biophysical Approach to Direct the Fate of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering Applications.

Antibiotics that possess the capability to inhibit or eradicate bacteria have been widely employed in the fields of agriculture and veterinary medicine over the years. However, the excessive use of antibiotics has led to significant challenges regarding antibiotic pollution in food. Given the established risks of antibiotic contamination and the need for regulatory compliance, various detection techniques have emerged, including chromatography, immunoassays, microbiological assays, and microfluidic analysis. Among these methods, luminescent analysis using sensors has attracted significant attention due to its advantages of high sensitivity, selectivity, speed, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. This review aims to discuss the recent advancements, advantages, and limitations of luminescent sensors for detecting antibiotics in food. Furthermore, it seeks to offer valuable insights for future research directions in this field. 

Luminescent sensors for residual antibiotics detection in food: Recent advances and perspectives

Herbal drugs are safe and show significantly fewer side effects than their synthetic counterparts. Curcumin (an active ingredient primarily found in turmeric) shows therapeutic properties, but its commercial use as a medication is unrealized, because of doubts about its potency. The literature reveals that electrospun nanofibers show simplicity, efficiency, cost, and reproducibility compared to other fabricating techniques. Forcespinning is a new technique that minimizes limitations and provides additional advantages to electrospinning. Polymer-based nanofibers-whose advantages lie in stability, solubility, and drug storage-overcome problems related to drug delivery, like instability and hydrophobicity. Curcumin-loaded polymer nanofibers show potency in healing diabetic wounds in vitro and in vivo. The release profiles, cell viability, and proliferation assays substantiate their efficacy in bone tissue repair and drug delivery against lung, breast, colorectal, squamous, glioma, and endometrial cancer cells. This review mainly discusses how polymer nanofibers interact with curcumin and its medical efficacy. 

/pdf/a-review-on-curcumin-loaded-electrospun-nanofibers-and-their-10jumn7a.pdf

A Review on Curcumin-Loaded Electrospun Nanofibers and their Application in Modern Medicine

The overuse or abuse of quinolone antibiotics such as enrofloxacin (ENR) in veterinary medicine results in the presence of their residues in food and environment. Thus, a sensitive method is needed to detect them. Herein, we demonstrate a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based aptasensor for ENR detection, using core-shell upconversion nanoparticles (CSUNPs) as an energy donor and graphene oxide (GO) as an energy acceptor. The core-shell structure and Gd3+ doping significantly increased the fluorescence intensity of CSUNPs and the FRET efficiency. The ENR aptamer was conjugated to CSUNPs through ligand exchange, and the π-π stacking between the aptamer and GO brought the aptamer-modified CSUNPs to the surface of the GO sheets, resulting in the formation of a CSUNP-GO complex and the subsequent quenching of CSUNP fluorescence. As a result, an aptasensor was established with the fluorescence of CSUNPs correlated with the ENR concentration within the range of 0.976 ng mL-1 to 62.5 ng mL-1, allowing ENR to be detected at a limit of 0.47 ng mL-1. This method reduced the detection limit by approximately 13-fold in 2 h compared to the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The aptasensor could also be applied to detect ENR from commercial milk powder samples with a detection limit of 1.59 ng mL-1, which was far below the regulated maximum residue limit of ENR in milk. The aptasensor could not detect other antibiotics, suggesting its good specificity towards ENR. Our work demonstrates a highly selective, sensitive and cost-effective method for detecting antibiotic residues in veterinary medicine. Since the aptamer can be switched to one recognizing another antibiotic, the aptasensors are used as a plug-and-play platform that can detect a variety of antibiotics.

Aptamer-modified sensitive nanobiosensors for the specific detection of antibiotics.

Introducing hydroxylapatite (HAp) into biomolecular materials is a promising approach to improve their bone regenerative capability. Thus a facile method needs to be developed to achieve this goal. Here we show that a simple air-plasma treatment of silk fibroin (SF) films for 5 min induced the formation of bone-like plate-shaped nano-HAp (nHAp) on their surface and the resultant material efficiently enhanced in vivo osteogenesis. The air-plasma-treated SF films (termed A-SF) presented surface nano-pillars and enhanced hydrophilicity compared to the pristine SF films (termed SF), making the A-SF and SF films induce the formation of plate-shaped/more-crystalline and needle-like/less-crystalline nHAp, respectively. The mineralized A-SF and SF films (termed A-SF-nHAp and SF-nHAp, respectively) and their non-mineralized counterparts were seeded with rat mesenchymal stem cells and subcutaneously implanted into the rat models. The A-SF-nHAp and A-SF films exhibited more efficient bone formation than the SF-nHAp and SF films in 4 weeks due to their unique nanotopography, with the A-SF-nHAp films being more efficient than the A-SF films. This work shows that a combination of the air-plasma treatment and the subsequent nHAp mineralization most efficiently promotes bone formation. Our plasma-based method is an attractive approach to enhance the bone regenerative capacity of protein-based biomaterials.

/pdf/air-plasma-treatment-promotes-bone-like-nano-hydroxylapatite-v5hpjeacch.pdf

Air-plasma treatment promotes bone-like nano-hydroxylapatite formation on protein films for enhanced in vivo osteogenesis.

The invention discloses a method for improving biological mineralization capacity of silk fibroin. The method comprises the steps of through a bacteriophage displaying technique, displaying polypeptide having a mineralization adjusting and controlling function on the surface of capsid protein of bacteriophage, preparing bacteriophage nanofibers displaying a mineralization inducing function, and forming a mineralization type bacteriophage solution; performing amplification, performing purification and concentrating the mineralization type bacteriophage solution; and adding the mineralization type bacteriophage solution to a silk fibroin solution for assembly so as to obtain modified silk fibroin. The modified silk fibroin obtained by the method disclosed by the invention has more excellentcapacity for adjusting and controlling nucleation and growth of a mineralizer than silk fibroin which is not improved, the modifying method is simple to operate and effective, the modifying technologyis efficient, the production cycle is greatly shortened, and the method has the advantage that the modified silk fibroin can be obtained in a large-scale manner.

Method for improving biological mineralization capacity of silk fibroin

Bombyx mori (B. mori) silk fibroin (SF) microcapsules have acted as a great candidate in delivering drugs. However, it is difficult to fabricate SF nanocapsules using the present layer-by-layer (LBL) technique. In addition, the current SF microcapsules have limits in loading negatively charged drugs. Here, we invent a novel LBL method by introducing silane (APTES) as a structure indicator to produce SF nanocapsules that can load drugs with negative or positive charge. LBL assembly was completed by alternately coating SF and APTES on the template of polystyrene (PS) nanospheres by electrostatic attraction. SF nanocapsules were obtained after removal of the PS templates. Zeta potential analysis proved LBL assembly was indeed driven by the interaction between negative charge of SF and positive charge of APTES. Fluorescence images and electric microscope images indicated that SF nanocapsules had a hollow and stable structure with diameter at nearly 250 nm. The highest encapsulation rate of DOX or Ce6 were up to 80% and 90%, respectively, indicating SF nanocapsules have a high loading capability for both cationic and anionic drugs. In vitro cell experiments proved the biocompatibility of SF nanocapsules and their burst drug release in response to acidic environment. Furthermore, chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy proved SF nanocapsules loaded with DOX or Ce6 had significant inhibition on tumor cells. Our results suggested that this LBL technique is a facile method for polymers with negative charge to fabricate nanocapsules for antitumor drug carrier.

/pdf/inventing-a-facile-method-to-construct-bombyx-mori-b-mori-3bt5unv4p9.pdf

Inventing a facile method to construct Bombyx mori (B. mori) silk fibroin nanocapsules for drug delivery

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Papers

Aptamer-modified sensitive nanobiosensors for the specific detection of antibiotics.

Air-plasma treatment promotes bone-like nano-hydroxylapatite formation on protein films for enhanced in vivo osteogenesis.

Method for improving biological mineralization capacity of silk fibroin

Inventing a facile method to construct Bombyx mori (B. mori) silk fibroin nanocapsules for drug delivery