A recent study by Keysar, Hayakawa, and An (2012) suggests that “thinking in a foreign language” may reduce decision biases because a foreign language provides a greater emotional distance than a native tongue. The possibility of such “disembodied” cognition is of great interest for theories of affect and cognition and for many other areas of psychological theory and practice, from clinical and forensic psychology to marketing, but first this claim needs to be properly evaluated. The purpose of this review is to examine the findings of clinical, introspective, cognitive, psychophysiological, and neuroimaging studies of affective processing in bilingual speakers in order to identify converging patterns of results, to evaluate the claim about “disembodied cognition,” and to outline directions for future inquiry. The findings to date reveal two interrelated processing effects. First-language (L1) advantage refers to increased automaticity of affective processing in the L1 and heightened electrodermal reactiv...

Affective processing in bilingual speakers: disembodied cognition?

Although traditionally not an area of service delivered by special educators, the area of religion and spirituality for persons with disabilities is receiving more attention as a quality-of-life outcome. This literature review examined the special education literature to determine the extent to which special educators are exposed to literature concerned with these issues. The results indicated that information is found in the literature but occurs most often as embedded references in articles on other topics. Information was most often included in articles focusing on diversity, and the majority of references to religion and spirituality were descriptions of religions. Religion and spirituality are linked to the overarching goals of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 and quality-of-life outcomes. Future research and roles for professionals are discussed.

Inclusion of Religion and Spirituality in the Special Education Literature

I have been saddened by the recent death of Vine Deloria, Jr. My sadness is compounded because outside of indigenous communities, institutions, and nations of North America, too few Americans knew and understood his work. In this essay recalling his life and work, which was completed before he started his journey to the stars, I write about my friend and mentor Vine Deloria, Jr. and his contributions as an indigenous thinker, public intellectual, and one of the most important voices of the twentieth century. Vine Deloria, Jr. had a profound impact on American Indian scholarship and activism; few indigenous thinkers have been so influential. As anthropologist Don Stull has written, "North American anthropology can be divided into two ages: BD and AD—Before and After Deloria." Deloria achieved recognition through his intellectual energy, virtuosity, and activism, but he never called attention to himself—it was unnecessary. Through five decades, Deloria articulated in his teaching and twenty-odd books the importance of tribal knowledge— indigenous wisdom. He called attention to American Indian ways of knowing and knowledge not as historical artifacts, but as practical knowledge relevant to the modern world. Given the breadth of Deloria's work, in this essay I will focus on three important themes that have had an enormous influence on twentieth-century scholarship generally and indigenous thought specifically and have shaped my own thinking and activism.

/pdf/indigenizing-the-future-why-we-must-think-spatially-in-the-4wprxzcsxs.pdf

Indigenizing the Future: Why We Must Think Spatially in the Twenty-first Century

Cynthia Willett and Julie Willett address the four major theories of humor—superiority, relief, incongruity, and social play—through the lens of feminist and game-changing comics Wanda Sykes, Margaret Cho, Hannah Gadsby, Hari Kondabolu, and Tig Notaro. They take a radical and holistic approach to the understanding of humor, particularly of humor deployed by those from groups long relegated to the margins, and propose a powerful new understanding of humor as a force that can engender politically progressive social movements. Drawing on a range of cross-disciplinary sources, from philosophies and histories of humor to the psychology and physiology of laughter to animal studies, Uproarious offers a richer understanding of the political and cathartic potential of humor.

Uproarious: How Feminists and Other Subversive Comics Speak Truth

Youth violence is widely recognized as a critical social issue in the United States, and many approaches to prevention have been developed in recent years. Emerging research suggests that only approaches that are deeply embedded in cultural, community, and organizational contexts are likely to be powerful enough to have a meaningful collective impact. No programs of this kind that are also truly practical and socially valid have yet reached a level where they can be regarded as well established, but data are beginning to appear that can guide community efforts. In this review, two classes of behavioral programming that appear promising as partial solutions to this need are identified: universal skills training and ecological strategies that focus on interlocking cultural practices. Progressive refinements in both are appearing through programs of developmental research. This paper reviews the state of the science in these efforts.

/pdf/behavioral-strategies-for-constructing-nonviolent-cultures-3dfnnnep02.pdf

Behavioral strategies for constructing nonviolent cultures with youth: a review.

The Way of the Human Being: Supporting Alaska Native Families Who Have a Child with a Disability.

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The Way of the Human Being: Supporting Alaska Native Families Who Have a Child with a Disability.