This study examined the current trophic state based on integrated analysis of land use land cover changes (LULCCs), morphometry, bathymetry, and water quality of a semi-urban wetland. The analysis of satellite data indicated that the wetland has lost an area of ~93 ha from 1980 to 2017. During the same period, the urban area within the wetland increased from 0.04 to 13.5%. The natural area of the wetland was lost significantly because of land conversion practices largely related to encroachments, settlements, and unplanned developmental activities. The land cover changes assessed in the immediate vicinity of wetland indicated an increase in the built-up (223%) and roads (95%). Morphometric analysis revealed that the maximum length of the wetland decreased by 775 m, while width showed an insignificant decrease. The bathymetric analysis revealed that the depth of the wetland varied from 25 to 246 cm, with a mean depth of 101.6 cm. The Carlson’s trophic state index (TSI) ranged between 71 and 80.4, indicating the hyper-eutrophic nature of the wetland. Comparison of water quality data of a wetland with the previous studies indicated a decrease of 29 cm in the maximum depth from 1980 to 2018. While NO3−-N increased from 300 μg L−1 in 1980 to 367 μg L−1 in 2018, total phosphorus (TP) increased from 300 μg L−1 in 1980 to 923 μg L−1 in 2018, thereby indicating continuous nutrient enrichment of the wetland. Based on the data analysis, immediate policy interventions are required to safeguard and/or reclaim this culturally and ecologically important wetland in the Kashmir region.

Landscape Transformations, Morphometry, and Trophic Status of Anchar Wetland in Kashmir Himalaya: Implications for Urban Wetland Management

Freshwater lakes in the Western Himalayan Region: An analysis of the present situation

The demand for intelligent industries and smart services based on big data is rising rapidly with the increasing digitization and intelligence of the modern world. This survey comprehensively reviews Blockchained Federated Learning (BlockFL) that joins the benefits of both Blockchain and Federated Learning to provide a secure and efficient solution for the demand. We compare the existing BlockFL models in four Internet-of-Things (IoT) application scenarios: Personal IoT (PIoT), Industrial IoT (IIoT), Internet of Vehicles (IoV), and Internet of Health Things (IoHT), with a focus on security and privacy, trust and reliability, efficiency, and data heterogeneity. Our analysis shows that the features of decentralization and transparency make BlockFL a secure and effective solution for distributed model training, while the overhead and compatibility still need further study. It also reveals the unique challenges of each domain presents unique challenges, e.g., the requirement of accommodating dynamic environments in IoV and the high demands of identity and permission management in IoHT, in addition to some common challenges identified, such as privacy, resource constraints, and data heterogeneity. Furthermore, we examine the existing technologies that can benefit BlockFL, thereby helping researchers and practitioners to make informed decisions about the selection and development of BlockFL for various IoT application scenarios.

pdf/blockchained-federated-learning-for-internet-of-things-a-3epyd8ae.pdf

Blockchained Federated Learning for Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey

Medical waste has enormous consequences for human health and the environment. It has the potential to cause severe disease, if not death. If drugs end up near wildlife refuges like parks, lakes, and other natural environments, whole populations of species might be wiped off therefore its management is vital due to the potential for environmental and public health hazards, especially in countries which are in the process of development. It is crucial to collect data and examples from a developed nation or a nation with an efficient medical waste management system. Cities are expected to accommodate 65 percent of the globe's population by 2030. The amount of residential waste produced in Mumbai on a regular basis is approximated to be the equal of an eight-story building complex. The atmosphere in cities is so bad that an estimated two million kids under the age of five die from respiratory problems each year. Hospitals, retail stores selling vegetables, seafood, and other items, as well as bus stops, train stations, and amusement parks, are all filthy and serve as breedi­ng grounds for dangerous diseases. In developing nations like India, the amount of trash generated by hospitals is significantly rising, hence monitoring is important. The growing interest for public health excellence and pollution management, necessities that the large quantity of hazardous waste be rendered as innocuous very quickly, prior to its disposal. The main aim of this paper is to highlight the issues surrounding medical waste, its environmental repercussions, and the management procedure. 

A Review of Medical Waste, its Environmental Consequences and Management Strategies: A Burning Issue of the Present Day Society

Cognitive Transformation in Personal IoT: Pioneering Intelligent Automation

Pervasive Computing has become more personal with the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things(IoT) in our day-to-day lives. The emerging domain that encompasses devices, sensors, storage, and computing of personal use and surroundings leads to Personal IoT(PIoT). PIoT offers users high levels of personalization, automation, and convenience. This proliferation of PIoT technology has extended into society, social engagement, and the interconnectivity of PIoT objects, resulting in the emergence of the Social Internet of Things (SIoT). The combination of PIoT and SIoT has spurred the need for autonomous learning, comprehension, and understanding of both the physical and social worlds. Current research on PIoT is dedicated to enabling seamless communication among devices, striking a balance between observation, sensing, and perceiving the extended physical and social environment, and facilitating information exchange. Furthermore, the virtualization of independent learning from the social environment has given rise to Artificial Social Intelligence (ASI) in PIoT systems. However, autonomous data communication between different nodes within a social setup presents various resource management challenges that require careful consideration. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the evolving domains of PIoT, SIoT, and ASI. Moreover, the paper offers insightful modeling and a case study exploring the role of PIoT in post-COVID scenarios. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricacies of PIoT and its various dimensions, paving the way for further advancements in this transformative field. 

Exploring Personalized Internet of Things (PIoT), social connectivity, and Artificial Social Intelligence (ASI): A survey

In the present study, various physico-chemical parameters of water were assessed over a period of six months on monthly basis at different lake sites with an aim to know the present trophic status of Anchar Lake. Results showed significant increase in Free carbon dioxide (13.82±3.98 mg/l); Nitrate-nitrogen (546.33±132.30 µg/l); Ammoniacal-nitrogen (208.11±59.42 µg/l); Ortho-phosphate (217.5±68.96 µg/l) and Total Phosphorus (534.38±131.66 µg/l) indicating increased levels of pollutants in the lake due to anthropogenic pressures like discharge of sewage, agricultural runoff and urbanization. The study recommends that preventive measures should be undertaken to protect this waterbody from further degradation.

https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2019/vol8issue4/PartAH/8-4-372-388.pdf

Present trophic status of Anchar Lake, Kashmir: Assessment by water quality parameters

Present study deals with the general ecological studies on phytoplankton community in terms of species composition, abundance and distribution in the Himalayan Dal lake. Important physico-chemical parameters were also analyzed using the standard methodology. Pollution of water bodies due to human activities affects the physico-chemical characteristics of water, leading to changes in aquatic community structure and deterioration of the lake environment. A clear dominance of Bacillariophyceae followed by chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Dinophyceae was observed throughout the study period. Phytoplankton serves as an indicator of trophic status and ecological condition of the lake. Many pollution tolerant algal species were present that are indicators of organic pollution, thus, making water unfit for drinking and recreational purposes.

https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2020/vol9issue5S/PartM/S-9-6-150-710.pdf

Distributional pattern of algal/plankton groups in relation with water quality of Himalayan Dal lake, Kashmir, India

The Personal-Internet-of-Things (PIoT) is an emerging domain encompassing devices, appliances, sensors, data, storage and computing performed in context of an individual and her environment. The data generated by individual sensors/devices is utilized by custom and third-party services to provide a high degree of personalization, automation and convenience to the user. The generated data is personal in nature requiring user-privacy to be preserved. It requires further aggregation from diverse sources and travels between the user home premises and the cloud, making it susceptible to security risks. Thus, user privacy, data security and device security need to be ensured to realize the vision of the PIoT and enable exciting new applications in the domain. This research paper proposes an architecture which delivers the hyper-personalization and smart automation vision of the PIoT in a secure and privacy preserving manner. Open issues and future work in the domain are also discussed.

Personal-Internet-of-Things (PIoT): A vision for hyper-personalization delivered securely

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Exploring Personalized Internet of Things (PIoT), social connectivity, and Artificial Social Intelligence (ASI): A survey

Present trophic status of Anchar Lake, Kashmir: Assessment by water quality parameters

Distributional pattern of algal/plankton groups in relation with water quality of Himalayan Dal lake, Kashmir, India

Personal-Internet-of-Things (PIoT): A vision for hyper-personalization delivered securely