Ferments containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been used for decades in agricultural systems to improve soils, control disease and promote plant growth, however, the functional roles of LAB in the phytomicrobiome have yet to be discovered. An understanding of the symbiotic relationship between plants and LAB could be exploited to improve agricultural plant production. Scientific investigations to validate plant growth promoting properties of LAB are increasing in number and scope. LAB isolated from diverse sources have been shown to be effective biofertilizers, biocontrol agents, biostimulants. As biofertilizers, LAB can improve nutrient availability from compost and other organic material. In fermented food, LAB has served as an effective biocontrol agent; recently LAB have been shown to be effective in the control of a wide variety of fungal and bacterial phytopathogens. As biostimulants, LAB can directly promote plant growth or seed germination, as well as alleviating various abiotic stresses. In this review, we discuss the history and ecology of plants and LAB, appraise the available information on the use of LAB in improving plant production, and consider the limitations and potential new directions for the use of LAB in plant agriculture.

From yogurt to yield: Potential applications of lactic acid bacteria in plant production

Winemakers have long used copper as a conventional fungicide treatment on grapevine and only recently, the use of biocontrol agents depicted a promising alternative. Most of the studies that investigate the impact of fungicide treatments, focus on specific pathogenic microbes. In the present work instead, a field experiment conducted in South Africa shows the seasonal microbial change occurring on grapevine leaves, periodically treated with two different fungicide treatments: copper sulphate and Lactobacillus plantarum MW-1. In this work, NGS data were combined with strain-specific and community qPCRs to reveal the shift of the microbial communities throughout the growing season and highlight the impact of fungicides on the microbiota. Only the family of Lactobacillaceae systematically changed between treatments, while the bacterial community remained relatively stable over time. MW-1 was exclusively detected on biocontrol-sprayed leaves. Conversely, the fungal community was largely shaped by sampling time, underlining the succession of different dominant taxa over the months. Between treatments, only a few fungal taxa appeared to change significantly and the fungal load was also comparable. Monitoring the dynamics of the microbial community under different fungicide treatments may advise the best timing to apply treatments to the plants, toward the realization of more sustainable agricultural practices.

/pdf/seasonal-epiphytic-microbial-dynamics-on-grapevine-leaves-5dekjwrwpy.pdf

Seasonal epiphytic microbial dynamics on grapevine leaves under biocontrol and copper fungicide treatments

The microbial diseases cause significant damage in agriculture, resulting in major yield and quality losses. To control microbiological damage and promote plant growth, a number of chemical control agents such as pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides are available. However, the rising prevalence of chemical control agents has led to unintended consequences for agricultural quality, environmental devastation, and human health. Chemical agents are not naturally broken down by microbes and can be found in the soil and environment long after natural decomposition has occurred. As an alternative to chemical agents, biocontrol agents are employed to manage phytopathogens. Interest in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) research as another class of potentially useful bacteria against phytopathogens has increased in recent years. Due to the high level of biosafety, they possess and the processes they employ to stimulate plant growth, LAB is increasingly being recognized as a viable option. This paper will review the available information on the antagonistic and plant-promoting capabilities of LAB and its mechanisms of action as well as its limitation as BCA. This review aimed at underlining the benefits and inputs from LAB as potential alternatives to chemical usage in sustaining crop productivity.

/pdf/the-potential-of-lactic-acid-bacteria-in-mediating-the-35x35cky.pdf

The potential of lactic acid bacteria in mediating the control of plant diseases and plant growth stimulation in crop production - A mini review

Dieback disease caused by Erwinia mallotivora is a major threat to papaya plantation in Malaysia. The current study was conducted to evaluate the potential of endophytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from papaya seeds for disease suppression of papaya dieback. Two hundred and thirty isolates were screened against E. mallotivora BT-MARDI, and the inhibitory activity of the isolates against the pathogen was ranging from 11.7-23.7 mm inhibition zones. The synergistic experiments revealed that combination of W. cibaria PPKSD19 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis PPSSD39 increased antibacterial activity against the pathogen. The antibacterial activity was partially due to the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS). The nursery experiment confirmed that the application of bacterial consortium W. cibaria PPKSD19 and L. lactis subsp. lactis PPSSD39 significantly reduced disease severity to 19% and increased biocontrol efficacy to 69% of infected papaya plants after 18 days of treatment. This study showed that W. cibaria PPKSD19 and L. lactis subsp. lactis PPSSD39 are potential candidate as biocontrol agents against papaya dieback disease.

/pdf/biological-control-of-erwinia-mallotivora-the-causal-agent-22v6hgeo3e.pdf

Biological control of Erwinia mallotivora, the causal agent of papaya dieback disease by indigenous seed-borne endophytic lactic acid bacteria consortium

Preparation and evaluation of a new biopesticide solution candidate for plant disease control using pexiganan gene and Pichia pastoris expression system

Inhibition of crown gall on test plants in case of co-inoculation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been investigated. From nine LAB strains tested, eight reduced amount of galled carrot explants by 36.4-87.7% and decreased the intensity of disease manifestation. The antagonistic activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, in vitro, was due to the low pH of organic acids produced by LAB. However, in the same pH, different LAB cultures displayed various levels of inhibition in vivo. Lactobacillus plantarum ONU 12 with the best results in tumor inhibition on carrots, showed high antagonistic activity on surfaces of kalanchoe and grapevines. Depending on the method of inoculation, the culture of L. plantarum ONU 12 could protect from 72.7% to 100% of wounded kalanchoe tissues. Evaluation of number of surviving cuttings and amount of buds that grew indicated that co-inoculation with agrobacteria and LAB removed completely the negative influence of phytopathogen on grapevines and reduced the number of infected cuttings by approximately 80%. One-hour treatment with L. plantarum ONU 12 helped to decrease the number of infected plants by approximately 68%. The studied strain L. plantarum ONU 12 can be proposed for further evaluation of possibility of practical use in plant protection.

/pdf/study-of-the-potential-application-of-lactic-acid-bacteria-19l74wyite.pdf

Study of the Potential Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Control of Infection Caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

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Study of the Potential Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Control of Infection Caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens