With the classical ensemble model, we investigate nonsequential double ionization of aligned molecules by few-cycle laser pulses at low intensity, where the two electrons finally are ionized through a transition doubly excited state induced by recollision. The correlated electron momentum distribution of parallel molecules exhibits the line-shaped structure parallel to the diagonal. Our analysis indicates that besides the ionization time difference of two electrons from the doubly excited state, the final-state e-e Coulomb repulsion plays a vital role in the formation of the line-shaped structural momentum distribution. For perpendicular molecules, due to the prominent near half-cycle ionization time difference between the two electrons from the doubly excited state, the momentum distribution shows clear anticorrelation behavior.

Role of Coulomb repulsion in correlated-electron emission from a doubly excited state in nonsequential double ionization of molecules

Classical cutoffs for the momenta of electrons ejected in laser-induced nonsequential double ionization are derived for the recollision-impact-ionization scenario. Such simple cutoff laws can aid in the interpretation of the observed electron spectra.

Classical cutoffs for laser-induced nonsequential double ionization (4 pages)

By applying the frequency-domain theory, we investigate the dependence of momentum spectra on laser intensity in a nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) process of helium in infrared (IR) and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) two-color laser fields. We find that the two-color laser fields play distinct roles in an NSDI process, where the IR laser field mainly determines the width of each band, and the XUV laser field mainly plays a role on the NSDI probability. Furthermore, an NSDI process can be decoupled into a two-step process: an above-threshold ionization (ATI), followed by a laser-assisted collision (LAC). It is found that, the IR laser field is responsible for broadening the peak in the ATI process and providing additional momenta to the two ionized electrons in the LAC process; while the XUV laser field plays a crucial role on the strength of the spectrum in the ATI process, and influences the radii of orbits in momentum space in the LAC process.

Intensity dependence of nonsequential double ionization of helium in IR+XUV two-color laser fields

A three-dimensional classical micro-canonical model is used to investigate the ion momentum distributions of Ar atom in nonsequential double ionization with a few-cycle laser pulse. It is found that the momentum distribution has a strong dependence on the carrier-envelope phase of the few-cycle pulse. The centre of gravity of the asymmetry distribution shifts from negative to positive ion momenta with carrier-envelope phase increasing and it is reversed when the carrier-envelope phase changes by π. The momentum distributions of the Ar 2+ ion show excellent agreement with the experimental results when we take into account the change in Coulomb potential between the nucleus and electron in the recollision process.

Three-dimensional classical micro-canonical simulation of nonsequential double ionization with a few-cycle laser pulse

Strong field double ionization by elliptically polarized few-cycle laser pulses

Non-sequential double ionization (NSDI) of helium in an intense few-cycle laser pulse is investigated by applying the three-dimensional semi-classical rescattering method. It is found that the momentum distribution of He(2+) shows a single-double-single peak structure as the pulse intensity increases. According to the different mechanisms dominating the NSDI process, the laser intensity can be classified into three regimes where the momentum distribution of He(2+) exhibits different characteristics. In the relatively high intensity regime, an NSDI mechanism named the 'laser-assisted collision ionization' is found to be dominating the NSDI process and causing the single-peak structure. This result can shed light on the study of non-sequential ionization of a highly charged ion in a relatively intense laser pulse.

Laser-assisted collision effect on non-sequential double ionization of helium in a few-cycle laser pulse

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Laser-assisted collision effect on non-sequential double ionization of helium in a few-cycle laser pulse