Precipitation of heavy metals from wastewater using simulated flue gas: sequent additions of fly ash, lime and carbon dioxide.

Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline material generated from the production of alumina in which bauxite is dissolved in caustic soda. Approximately 4.4 billion tons of bauxite residues are either stockpiled or landfilled, creating environmental risks either from the generation of dust or migration of filtrates. High alkalinity is the critical factor restricting complete utilization of bauxite residues, whilst the application of alkaline regulation agents is costly and difficult to apply widely. For now, current industrial wastes, such as waste acid, ammonia nitrogen wastewater, waste gypsum and biomass, have become major problems restricting the development of the social economy. Regulation of bauxite residues alkalinity by industrial waste was proposed to achieve ‘waste control by waste’ with good economic and ecological benefits. This review will focus on the origin and transformation of alkalinity in bauxite residues using typical industrial waste. It will propose key research directions with an emphasis on alkaline regulation by industrial waste, whilst also providing a scientific reference point for their potential use as amendments to enhance soil formation and establish vegetation on bauxite residue disposal areas (BRDAs) following large-scale disposal.

Industrial wastes applications for alkalinity regulation in bauxite residue: A comprehensive review

Separation of aluminum and silica from coal gangue by elevated temperature acid leaching for the preparation of alumina and SiC

The synthesis of low-silica zeotypes by hydrothermal transformation of kaolinite-rich clay and the nucleation and growth processes of sodalite and cancrinite in the system Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O at 100 Â°C were investigated The synthesis products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 29Si and 27Al Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) Our data show that the sequence of the transformation of phases is: Poorly crystalline aluminosilicate â†’ zeolite LTA â†’ sodalite â†’ sodalite + cancrinite â†’ cancrinite Synthesized materials appeared stable thermodynamically under the experimental conditions, with zeolite LTA (a metastable phase) occurring as a minor phase, compared with the presence of sodalite and cancrinite

/pdf/nucleation-and-growth-process-of-sodalite-and-cancrinite-2k1hq5p45t.pdf

Nucleation and growth process of sodalite and cancrinite from kaolinite-rich clay under low-temperature hydrothermal conditions

Methods for routinely lowering the carbonate content of 
concentrated aqueous hydroxide solutions [MOH with M+ = 
Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+ and 
(CH3)4N+] to analytically negligible 
levels (⩽ 0.2% of the total alkalinity) are described. No single method 
was satisfactory for all MOH. Carbonate can be removed from highly 
concentrated (ca. 50% w/w) NaOH solutions by filtration since 
Na2CO3 is almost insoluble in this medium. However, 
for LiOH (ca. 4 M), (CH3)4NOH (ca. 
4.5 M) and KOH (ca. 14 M) and less concentrated NaOH (<10 M), 
treatment with excess solid CaO followed by filtration gave the best 
results. For CsOH, which may be seriously contaminated with carbonate, the 
only satisfactory procedure was treatment of very concentrated solutions 
with excess solid Ba(OH)2. Residual calcium and barium 
concentrations in the decarbonated solutions were at trace levels.

Carbonate removal from concentrated hydroxide solutions

The effect of calcium and temperature on the transformation of sodalite to cancrinite in Bayer digestion

Reactions of lime with carbonate-containing solutions

Ultrastrong-polar Polyacrylonitrile Organic-inorganic Architected Nanogenerators With Synergistic Triboelectric Behavior for Efficient Biomechanical Energy Harvesting and Self-powered Sensing

Dehydration kinetics of boehmite in the temperature range 723–873 K

The effect of surface area on the modelling of quartz dissolution under conditions relevant to the Bayer process

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