Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with and react to each other in a stable environment in order to maintain healthy immune activities. Immune system-microbiota cross-talk relies on a complex network of pathways that sustain the balance between immune tolerance and immunogenicity. Probiotic bacteria can interact and stimulate intestinal immune cells and commensal microflora to modulate specific immune functions and immune homeostasis. Growing evidence shows that probiotic bacteria present important health-promoting and immunomodulatory properties. Thus, the use of probiotics might represent a promising approach for improving immune system activities. So far, few studies have been reported on the beneficial immune modulatory effect of probiotics. However, many others, which are mainly focused on their metabolic/nutritional properties, have been published. Therefore, the mechanisms behind the interaction between host immune cells and probiotics have only been partially described. The present review aims to collect and summarize the most recent scientific results and the resulting implications of how probiotic bacteria and immune cells interact to improve immune functions. Hence, a description of the currently known immunomodulatory mechanisms of probiotic bacteria in improving the host immune system is provided.

/pdf/probiotics-mechanism-of-action-on-immune-cells-and-cd36d20e.pdf

Probiotics Mechanism of Action on Immune Cells and Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Increasing evidence has confirmed that whole grain oats are effective in regulating hyperlipidemia. Which specific ingredient is crucial remains unclear. This study focused on which components, oat phenolic compounds (OPC)...

Whole grain benefit: oat β-glucan and phenolic compounds synergistically regulates hyperlipidemia via gut microbiota in high-fat-diet mice

Polysaccharides, being a natural, active, and biodegradable polymer, have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional properties. These properties make them ideal for creating multifunctional hydrogels that can be used as wound dressings for skin injuries. Polysaccharide hydrogel has the ability to both simulate the natural extracellular matrix, promote cell proliferation, and provide a suitable environment for wound healing while protecting it from bacterial invasion. Polysaccharide hydrogels offer a promising solution for repairing damaged skin. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms involved in skin damage repair and emphasizes the potential of polysaccharide hydrogels in this regard. For different skin injuries, polysaccharide hydrogels can play a role in promoting wound healing. However, we still need to conduct more research on polysaccharide hydrogels to provide more possibilities for skin damage repair. 

Polysaccharide-based hydrogel promotes skin wound repair and research progress on its repair mechanism.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is amongst the most notable causes of years of life lost worldwide and its prevalence increases perpetually. The disease is characterized as multisystemic dysfunctions attributed to hyperglycemia resulting directly from insulin resistance (IR), inadequate insulin secretion, or enormous glucagon secretion. Insulin is a highly anabolic peptide hormone that regulates blood glucose levels by hastening cellular glucose uptake as well as controlling carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. In the course of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), which accounts for nearly 90% of all cases of diabetes, the insulin response is inadequate, and this condition is defined as Insulin Resistance. IR sequela include, but are not limited to, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular system impairment, chronic inflammation, disbalance in oxidative stress status, and metabolic syndrome occurrence. Despite the substantial progress in understanding the molecular and metabolic pathways accounting for injurious effects of IR towards multiple body organs, IR still is recognized as a ferocious enigma. The number of widely available therapeutic approaches is growing, however, the demand for precise, safe, and effective therapy is also increasing. A literature search was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and Clinical Trials Registry databases with a combination of keywords and MeSH terms, and papers published from February 2021 to March 2022 were selected as recently published papers. This review paper aims to provide critical, concise, but comprehensive insights into the advances in the treatment of IR that were achieved in the last months.

/pdf/recent-advances-in-the-treatment-of-insulin-resistance-29hxkc5z.pdf

Recent Advances in the Treatment of Insulin Resistance Targeting Molecular and Metabolic Pathways: Fighting a Losing Battle?

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), the products of non-enzymatic browning reactions between the active carbonyl groups of reducing sugars and the free amines of amino acids, are largely considered oxidative derivatives resulting from diabetic hyperglycemia, which are further recognized as a potential risk for insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The accumulation of AGEs can trigger numerous negative effects such as oxidative stress, carbonyl stress, inflammation, autophagy dysfunction and imbalance of gut microbiota. Recently, studies have shown that cereal polyphenols have the ability to inhibit the formation of AGEs, thereby preventing and alleviating T2D. In the meanwhile, phenolics compounds could produce different biological effects due to the quantitative structure activity-relationship. This review highlights the effects of cereal polyphenols as a nonpharmacologic intervention in anti-AGEs and alleviating T2D based on the effects of oxidative stress, carbonyl stress, inflammation, autophagy, and gut microbiota, which also provides a new perspective on the etiology and treatment of diabetes.

Cereal polyphenols inhibition mechanisms on advanced glycation end products and regulation on type 2 diabetes.

Probiotic-fermented rice buckwheat alleviates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice by suppressing lipid accumulation and modulating gut microbiota.

Characterization of antidiabetic effects of Dendrobium officinale derivatives in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Thermally reversible Mesona chinensis polysaccharide hydrogel

Douchi are good food for obesity prevention, but limited information is known about the potential relationship between hyperlipidaemic effect and intestinal microbiological regulation of Douci. To explore the hyperlipidaemic effect of Douchi fermented by Rhizopus chinensis 12 on hyperlipidaemia rats and the correlation between intestinal flora and hyperlipidaemic effect. The intervention with Douchi significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the levels of total cholesterol, total triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and improved liver damage and fat cell hypertrophy caused by high-fat diet. Douchi also increased the anti- atherosclerosis index and reduced the levels of human oxidized low-density lipoprotein, tumour necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β. Furthermore, Douchi regulated the expression of key proteins and significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the decrease in the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota caused by high-fat feeding. The correlation analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Romboutsia was positively correlated with four lipids and inflammatory factors, while that of Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, unidentified_Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia, Alcaligenes and unidentified_Clostridiales was negatively correlated. Douchi modulated the activate lipid metabolism and reduced the level of serum inflammatory factors by regulating the balance of the gut microbiota to achieve the anti-hyperlipidaemic effect. 

Douchi ameliorates high‐fat diet‐induced hyperlipidaemia by regulation of intestinal microflora in rats

Bacillus sp. DU-106, a potential probiotic, has been proved to activate innate immunity, reduce hypercholesterolemia, and regulate the gut microbiota of mice. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of strain DU-106 in antibioticassociated diarrhea (AAD) via analyzing the changes in gut microbial composition in mice. The results indicated that supplementation of strain DU-106 alleviated gastrointestinal symptoms, improved gut barrier integrity and immunoglobulin-A level of mice with AAD. A 16S rRNA sequencing showed that antibiotics decreased bacterial diversity and the abundances of Alistipes, Roseburia, Hungatella, Eubacterium-xylanophilum, Lachnospiraceae-UCG-001, Intestinimonas, and LachnospiraceaeNK4A136, but increased the abundance of Klebsiella, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota. However, strain DU-106 treatment reversed these alternations in mice with AAD. In conclusion, strain DU-106 could alleviate AAD in association with the regulation of intestinal microbiota and could be used as an alternative treatment for AAD.

Supplementation of Bacillus sp. DU-106 Alleviates Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Association with the Regulation of Intestinal Microbiota in Mice

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Bing Du

Author Tools

Chat about Author