Multidrug drug resistant bacteria are becoming increasingly problematic particularly in the undeveloped countries of the world. The most important microorganisms that have seen a geometric rise in are Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium, Penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumonia and multiple drug resistant tubercule bacteria to name a just few. New drug scaffolds are essential to tackle this every increasing problem. These scaffolds can be sourced from nature itself. Endophytic fungi are an important reservoir of therapeutically active compounds. This review attempts to present some data relavent to the problem. New, very specific and effective antibiotics are needed but also at the affordable price!!!. Herculean task for researcher all over the world. In the Asian subcontinent indigenous therapeutics that has been practiced over the centuries such as Ayurveda that has been effective as ‘handed down data’ in family generations. May need a second, third and more “in-depth investigations?”

/pdf/endophytic-fungi-a-reservoir-of-antibacterials-udkzly63br.pdf

Endophytic fungi: a reservoir of antibacterials

This paper reviews 116 new compounds with antifungal or antibacterial activities as well as 169 other known antimicrobial compounds, with a specific focus on January 2010 through March 2015 Furthermore, the phylogeny of the fungi producing these antibacterial or antifungal compounds was analyzed The new methods used to isolate marine fungi that possess antibacterial or antifungal activities as well as the relationship between structure and activity are shown in this review

Antibacterial and Antifungal Compounds from Marine Fungi

This review summarizes new findings concerning the sources and characteristics of various natural products that can be extracted from mangrove-associated microbes over the past three years (January 2011–December 2013). The natural products are discussed with a focus on bioactivity, highlighting the unique chemical diversity of these metabolic products.

Bioactive natural products derived from mangrove-associated microbes

This paper studies the output synchronization of coupled neural networks (CNNs) as well as the effects of external disturbances. By employing matrix theory and Barbalat's Lemma, several output synchronization criteria are presented for CNNs with directed and undirected topologies, respectively. Moreover, in order to ensure the output synchronization of CNNs, two adaptive schemes to adjust the coupling weights are designed. On the other hand, we, respectively, analyze the $\mathcal {H}_{\infty }$ output synchronization of directed and undirected CNNs with external disturbances, and two adaptive strategies for updating the coupling weights are designed to guarantee the $\mathcal {H}_{\infty }$ output synchronization of CNNs. Finally, two examples of CNNs are also given to verify the proposed output synchronization criteria.

Output Synchronization in Coupled Neural Networks With and Without External Disturbances

This brief is concerned with stability analysis for delayed neural networks (DNNs). By establishing polynomials and introducing slack variables reasonably, some improved delay-product type of auxiliary polynomial-based functions (APFs) is developed to exploit additional degrees of freedom and more information on extra states. Then, by constructing Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional using APFs and integrals of quadratic forms with high order scalar functions, a novel stability criterion is derived for DNNs, in which the benefits of the improved inequalities are fully integrated and the information on delay and its derivative is well reflected. By virtue of the advantages of APFs, more desirable performance is achieved through the proposed approach, which is demonstrated by the numerical examples.

Stability Analysis for Delayed Neural Networks via Improved Auxiliary Polynomial-Based Functions

The invention discloses natural product deoxybostrycin derivatives and preparation method and application thereof. The deoxybostrycin derivative has a structure as shown in general formula (I). The invention also discloses the preparation method of the natural product deoxybostrycin derivatives and the anti-tumor application of the derivatives. The preliminary pharmacological research results of the derivatives show that: the derivatives have good anti-tumor activity and can be developed into novel anti-tumor medicines.

Natural product deoxybostrycin derivatives and preparation method and application thereof

Stability analysis of delayed neural networks via a new integral inequality

4-Deoxybostrycin is a natural anthraquinone compound isolated from the Mangrove endophytic fungus Nigrospora sp. collected from the South China Sea. Nigrosporin is the deoxy-derivative of 4-deoxybostrycin. They were tested against mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test, they both had inhibition zone sizes of over 25 mm. The results of the absolute concentration susceptibility test suggested that they had inhibitory effects against mycobacteria. Moreover, 4-deoxybostrycin exhibited good inhibition which was even better than that of first line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs against some clinical multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis strains. The gene expression profile of M. tuberculosis H37Rv after treatment with 4-deoxybostrycin was compared with untreated bacteria. One hundred and nineteen out of 3,875 genes were significantly different in M. tuberculosis exposed to 4-deoxybostrycin from control. There were 46 functionally known genes which are involved in metabolism, information storage and processing and cellular processes. The differential expressions of six genes were further confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The present study provides a useful experiment basis for exploitation of correlative new drugs against TB and for finding out new targets of anti-mycobacterial therapy.

/pdf/anti-mycobacterial-activity-of-marine-fungus-derived-4-1b22sp3qqj.pdf

Anti-mycobacterial activity of marine fungus-derived 4-deoxybostrycin and nigrosporin.

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Natural product deoxybostrycin derivatives and preparation method and application thereof

Stability analysis of delayed neural networks via a new integral inequality

Anti-mycobacterial activity of marine fungus-derived 4-deoxybostrycin and nigrosporin.