The authors develop a coupled jet-fluid model that includes interactions between jets and a fluid medium in a heavy-ion collision. The model treats both the effect of the medium on the jet shower as well as the back-reaction of this energy deposition on the medium itself. The authors show how the energy that is lost by a jet is deposited in and evolves with the medium, and how that deposited energy might appear in measured observables.

Full jet in quark-gluon plasma with hydrodynamic medium response

Within the context of a hybrid strong/weak coupling model of jet quenching, we study the modification of the angular distribution of the energy within jets in heavy ion collisions, as partons within jet showers lose energy and get kicked as they traverse the strongly coupled plasma produced in the collision. To describe the dynamics transverse to the jet axis, we add the effects of transverse momentum broadening into our hybrid construction, introducing a parameter $$ K\equiv \widehat{q}/{T}^3 $$
 that governs its magnitude. We show that, because of the quenching of the energy of partons within a jet, even when K ≠ 0 the jets that survive with some specified energy in the final state are narrower than jets with that energy in proton-proton collisions. For this reason, many standard observables are rather insensitive to K. We propose a new differential jet shape ratio observable in which the effects of transverse momentum broadening are apparent. We also analyze the response of the medium to the passage of the jet through it, noting that the momentum lost by the jet appears as the momentum of a wake in the medium. After freezeout this wake becomes soft particles with a broad angular distribution but with net momentum in the jet direction, meaning that the wake contributes to what is reconstructed as a jet. This effect must therefore be included in any description of the angular structure of the soft component of a jet. We show that the particles coming from the response of the medium to the momentum and energy deposited in it leads to a correlation between the momentum of soft particles well separated from the jet in angle with the direction of the jet momentum, and find qualitative but not quantitative agreement with experimental data on observables designed to extract such a correlation. More generally, by confronting the results that we obtain upon introducing transverse momentum broadening and the response of the medium to the jet with available jet data, we highlight the importance of these processes for understanding the internal, soft, angular structure of high energy jets.

/pdf/angular-structure-of-jet-quenching-within-a-hybrid-strong-t5dsiu0nlc.pdf

Angular structure of jet quenching within a hybrid strong/weak coupling model

Jet quenching has been used successfully as a hard probe to study properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in high-energy heavy-ion collisions at both the relativistic heavy-ion collider and the large hadron collider. We will review recent progresses in theoretical and phenomenological studies of jet quenching with jet transport models. Special emphasis is given to effects of jet-induced medium response on a wide variety of experimental observables and their implications on extracting transport properties of the QGP in heavy-ion collisions.

Jet quenching and medium response in high-energy heavy-ion collisions: a review

The future opportunities for high-density QCD studies with ion and proton beams at the LHC are presented. Four major scientific goals are identified: the characterisation of the macroscopic long wavelength Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) properties with unprecedented precision, the investigation of the microscopic parton dynamics underlying QGP properties, the development of a unified picture of particle production and QCD dynamics from small (pp) to large (nucleus--nucleus) systems, the exploration of parton densities in nuclei in a broad ($x$, $Q^2$) kinematic range and the search for the possible onset of parton saturation. In order to address these scientific goals, high-luminosity Pb-Pb and p-Pb programmes are considered as priorities for Runs 3 and 4, complemented by high-multiplicity studies in pp collisions and a short run with oxygen ions. High-luminosity runs with intermediate-mass nuclei, for example Ar or Kr, are considered as an appealing case for extending the heavy-ion programme at the LHC beyond Run 4. The potential of the High-Energy LHC to probe QCD matter with newly-available observables, at twice larger center-of-mass energies than the LHC, is investigated.

/pdf/future-physics-opportunities-for-high-density-qcd-at-the-lhc-13xjgnunc3.pdf

Future physics opportunities for high-density QCD at the LHC with heavy-ion and proton beams

The STAR Collaboration reports the measurement of semi-inclusive distributions of charged-particle jets recoiling from a high transverse momentum hadron trigger, in central and peripheral $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$ GeV. Charged jets are reconstructed with the anti-${k}_{\mathrm{T}}$ algorithm for jet radii $R$ between 0.2 and 0.5 and with low infrared cutoff of track constituents (${p}_{\mathrm{T}}g0.2 \mathrm{GeV}/\mathrm{c}$). A novel mixed-event technique is used to correct the large uncorrelated background present in heavy ion collisions. Corrected recoil jet distributions are reported at midrapidity, for charged-jet transverse momentum ${p}_{\mathrm{T},\mathrm{jet}}^{\mathrm{ch}}l30 \mathrm{GeV}/\mathrm{c}$. Comparison is made to similar measurements for $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=2.76$ TeV, to calculations for $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV based on the pythia Monte Carlo generator and on a next-to-leading order perturbative QCD approach, and to theoretical calculations incorporating jet quenching. The recoil jet yield is suppressed in central relative to peripheral collisions, with the magnitude of the suppression corresponding to medium-induced charged energy transport out of the jet cone of $2.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5(\mathrm{sys})$ $\mathrm{GeV}/c$, for $10l{p}_{\mathrm{T},\mathrm{jet}}^{\mathrm{ch}}l20$ $\mathrm{GeV}/c$ and $R=0.5$. No medium-induced change in jet shape is observed for $Rl0.5$. The azimuthal distribution of low-${p}_{\mathrm{T},\mathrm{jet}}^{\mathrm{ch}}$ recoil jets may be enhanced at large azimuthal angles to the trigger axis, due to scattering off quasiparticles in the hot QCD medium. Measurement of this distribution gives a 90% statistical confidence upper limit to the yield enhancement at large deflection angles in central $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions of $50\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30(\mathrm{sys})%$ of the large-angle yield in $p+p$ collisions predicted by pythia.

/pdf/measurements-of-jet-quenching-with-semi-inclusive-hadron-jet-4p1654hxja.pdf

Measurements of jet quenching with semi-inclusive hadron+jet distributions in Au+Au collisions at sNN =200 GeV

Probing Transverse Momentum Broadening in Heavy Ion Collisions

Using deep inelastic scattering on a large nucleus as an example, we consider the transverse momentum broadening of partons in hard processes in the presence of medium. We find that one can factorize the vacuum radiation contribution and medium related PT broadening effects into the Sudakov factor and medium dependent distributions, respectively. Our derivations can be generalized to other hard processes, such as dijet productions, which can be used as a probe to measure the medium PT broadening effects in heavy ion collisions when Sudakov effects are not overwhelming.

/pdf/medium-induced-transverse-momentum-broadening-in-hard-cldcj6cz1q.pdf

Medium induced transverse momentum broadening in hard processes

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Probing Transverse Momentum Broadening in Heavy Ion Collisions

Medium induced transverse momentum broadening in hard processes