Iron-mediated activation of persulfate and peroxymonosulfate in both homogeneous and heterogeneous ways: A review

In recent years, the application of heterogeneous photocatalytic water purification process has gained wide attention due to its effectiveness in degrading and mineralizing the recalcitrant organic compounds as well as the possibility of utilizing the solar UV and visible light spectrum. This paper aims to review and summarize the recently published works on the titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalytic oxidation of pesticides and phenolic compounds, predominant in storm and waste water effluents. The effect of various operating parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of pesticides and phenols are discussed. Results reported here suggested that the photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds depends on the type of photocatalyst and composition, light intensity, initial substrate concentration, amount of catalyst, pH of the reaction medium, ionic components in water, solvent types, oxidizing agents/electron acceptors, catalyst application mode, and calcinations temperature in water environment. A substantial amount of research has focused on the enhancement of TiO2 photocatalysis by modification with metal, non-metal and ion doping. Recent developments in TiO2 photocatalysis for the degradation of various pesticides and phenols are also highlighted in this review. It is evident from the literature survey that photocatalysis has shown good potential for the removal of various organic pollutants. However, still there is a need to find out the practical utility of this technique on commercial scale.

Influence of parameters on the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of pesticides and phenolic contaminants in wastewater : a short review

Activation of persulfates by carbonaceous materials: A review

Sulfate radicals-based advanced oxidation technology in various environmental remediation: A state-of-the–art review

In this study, magnetic porous sulfurized Fe2O3 (PS-Fe2O3) composites were prepared through the co-precipitation method and were applied to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of emerging contaminants. Characterization results indicated that PS-Fe2O3 catalyst with uniform elemental distribution possessed a large number of micro- and meso- pores. When the molar ratio of FeSO4:S2O32− was 2:1 during the synthesis process, the PS-Fe2O3-2 exhibited the best performance on PMS activation for atrazine (ATZ) removal. The catalytic activity of PS-Fe2O3 catalysts was enhanced with increased sulfurization extent. The effects of catalyst dosage, PMS concentration, pH, and water impurities (i.e. Cl−, HCO3−, NO3− and humic acid) on ATZ degradation were investigated. Both sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals were detected in the PS-Fe2O3-2/PMS system, and sulfate radicals played the predominant role for the degradation of ATZ. The cycle of Fe(II)/ Fe(III) and surface-bonded hydroxyl group both contributed to the PMS activation, and the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ was significantly accelerated by the low-valent sulfur species (such as sulfite) on the catalyst surface. The transformation products of ATZ in PS-Fe2O3-2/PMS system were monitored on LC/MS, which were probably generated through lateral chain oxidation and dechlorination-hydroxylation. Overall, PS-Fe2O3 has potential to be a feasible catalyst for the removal of organic pollutants from water.

Efficient degradation of atrazine with porous sulfurized Fe2O3 as catalyst for peroxymonosulfate activation

Insights into atrazine degradation by persulfate activation using composite of nanoscale zero-valent iron and graphene: Performances and mechanisms

The colloidal stability and photocatalysis of nano-TiO2 particles were investigated in the presence of fulvic acids (FA) and electrolytes (NaNO3, Na2SO4, Na3PO4) at different pH. Results showed that increasing FA concentration, the absolute value of zeta potential of nano-TiO2 increased and particle size decreased at all pH which promoted the colloidal stability of nano-TiO2. Particle size of nano-TiO2 was larger with the coexistence of FA and electrolytes than with FA only as the concentration of electrolytes was greater than or equal to 0.01 mol/L. The largest particle size occurred in the presence of Na3PO4, followed by Na2SO4 and NaNO3. Particle size of nano-TiO2 decreased with higher pH and stability further increased in the presence of FA and/or electrolytes. Nano-TiO2 stabilization was enhanced by increasing FA concentration when the solution pH was 7.0. However, the removal efficiency of atrazine by nano-TiO2 decreased with the increase in FA concentration. Adding electrolytes (0.01 mol/L), atrazine removal by nano-TiO2 further decreased, albeit slightly. The inhibitory effect of electrolytes on nano-TiO2 removal of atrazine was highest for Na3PO4, followed by Na2SO4, and NaNO3, which were consistent with the results of colloidal stability of nano-TiO2. These findings help to better understand the mechanisms and correlation between colloidal stability and photocatalysis of nano-TiO2 in the presence of FA and electrolytes.

Effects of fulvic acids and electrolytes on colloidal stability and photocatalysis of nano-TiO2 for atrazine removal

The invention relates to a preparation process of preparing a flocculating agent by utilizing sludge, and discloses a method of preparing flocculating agent by utilizing sludge and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: mutually connecting the two pretreatments of the sludge in series to change the virtual structure of the sludge, changing physical and chemical properties of the sludge particles and microbial cells in the sludge, and enabling the sludge to possess higher adsorption property of the flocculating agent. The flocculation rate to kaolin can be up to 95% above. The processing method mainly comprises the steps of adjusting the pH value, heating and centrifuging and so on. The process has the characteristics of low cost, simple process, short preparation time, convenience in application and good processing effect and the like.

Method of preparing flocculating agent by utilizing sludge and application thereof

The invention relates to a preparation method of a composite flocculant compounded by a biological flocculant (MBF-R) and polyaluminium chloride (PAC). The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: sterilizing residual sludge and aquaculture wastewater at high temperature, respectively, and then, mixing the sterilized sludge supernatant with the aquaculture wastewater according to a proportion to form a culture medium A, inoculating rhodococcus erythropolis into the culture medium A for activation and acclimation, and inoculating the bacteria liquid to a new culture medium A after the acclimation treatment for fermented cultivation; and directly mixing the centrifugal fermentation broth supernatant with PAC having a regulated degree of alkalization according to a volume ratio of 1: (6-11). The method provided by the invention avoids the defect that a traditional culture medium is high in cost, the product has good flocculation effect under acidic pH, the dosage of PAC is decreased by at least 30%, and the wastewater flocculation treatment cost is reduced.

Preparation method of flocculant-PAC (polyaluminium chloride) composite flocculant based on sludge fermentation

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Insights into atrazine degradation by persulfate activation using composite of nanoscale zero-valent iron and graphene: Performances and mechanisms

Effects of fulvic acids and electrolytes on colloidal stability and photocatalysis of nano-TiO2 for atrazine removal

Method of preparing flocculating agent by utilizing sludge and application thereof

Preparation method of flocculant-PAC (polyaluminium chloride) composite flocculant based on sludge fermentation