Rechargeable silicon anode lithium ion batteries (SLIBs) have attracted tremendous attention because of their merits, including a high theoretical capacity, low working potential, and abundant natural sources. The past decade has witnessed significant developments in terms of extending the lifespan and maintaining high capacities of SLIBs. However, the detrimental issue of low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) toward SLIBs is causing more and more attention in recent years because ICE value is a core index in full battery design that profoundly determines the utilization of active materials and the weight of an assembled battery. Herein, a comprehensive review is presented of recent advances in solutions for improving ICE of SLIBs. From design perspectives, the strategies for boosting ICE of silicon anodes are systematically categorized into several aspects covering structure regulation, prelithiation, interfacial design, binder design, and electrolyte additives. The merits and challenges of various approaches are highlighted and discussed in detail, which provides valuable insights into the rational design and development of state-of-the-art techniques to deal with the deteriorative issue of low ICE of SLIBs. Furthermore, conclusions and future promising research prospects for lifting ICE of SLIBs are proposed at the end of the review.

A Review on Recent Advances for Boosting Initial Coulombic Efficiency of Silicon Anodic Lithium Ion batteries.

Toward understanding the interaction within Silicon-based anodes for stable lithium storage

Designing yolk–shell nanostructures is an effective way of addressing the huge volume expansion issue for large-capacity anode and cathode materials in Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Previous studies mainly focused on adopting a SiO2 template through HF etching to create yolk–shell nanostructures. However, HF etching is highly corrosive and may result in a significant reduction of Si content in the composite. Herein, a silkworm cocoon-like silicon-based composite is prepared through a green approach in which Al2O3 was selected as a sacrificial template. The void space between the outer nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) shell formed by chemical vapor deposition using a pyridine precursor and the inside porous silicon nanorods (p-Si NRs) synthesized by magnesiothermic reduction of ordered mesoporous silica nanorods can be generated by etching Al2O3 with diluted HCl. The obtained p-Si NRs@void@NC composite is utilized as an anode material for LIBs, which exhibits a large initial discharge capacity of 3161 mAh g–1 at 0.5 ...

Green Fabrication of Silkworm Cocoon-like Silicon-Based Composite for High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries

Suitable thickness of carbon coating layers for silicon anode

Abstract Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to power electric vehicles play an increasingly important role in the transition to a carbon neutral transportation system. However, at present the chemistry of LIBs requires, among other elements, cobalt (Co), which will probably become scarce over time in addition to posing supply chain risks related to its single source, human rights and mining practices. To address this problem, we construct a LIB pairing a Co-free cathode with a silicon suboxide (SiO x ) anode that possesses a high cut-off voltage of 4.9 V and sustains unprecedented 1,000 cycles. Underlying this favourable electrode combination is a rational electrolyte design based on 3.4 M LiFSI/FEMC featuring a shifted potential, which serves to aid formation of robust passivation layers on the anode and promote electrolyte stability against both reductive and oxidative degradations. Our electrolyte formulation offers a pathway towards both sustainable and high-performing LIBs, while the concept could be applied to other electrochemical energy technologies. 

Electrolyte design for lithium-ion batteries with a cobalt-free cathode and silicon oxide anode

A highly graphitized carbon on a silicon monoxide (SiO) surface coating at low temperature, based on polymer precursor π⁻π stacking, was developed. A novel conductive and electrochemically stable carbon coating was rationally designed to modify the SiO anode materials by controlling the sintering of a conductive polymer, a pyrene-based homopolymer poly (1-pyrenemethyl methacrylate; PPy), which achieved high graphitization of the carbon layers at a low temperature and avoided silicon carbide formation and possible SiO material transformation. When evaluated as the anode of a lithium-ion battery (LIB), the carbon-coated SiO composite delivered a high discharge capacity of 2058.6 mAh/g at 0.05 C of the first formation cycle with an initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 62.2%. After 50 cycles at 0.1 C, this electrode capacity was 1090.2 mAh/g (~82% capacity retention, relative to the capacity of the second cycle at 0.1 °C rate), and a specific capacity of 514.7 mAh/g was attained at 0.3 C after 500 cycles. Furthermore, the coin-type full cell composed of the carbon coated SiO composite anode and the Li[Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O₂] cathode attained excellent cycling performance. The results show the potential applications for using a π⁻π stacking polymer precursor to generate a highly graphitize coating for next-generation high-energy-density LIBs.

/pdf/highly-graphitized-carbon-coating-on-sio-with-a-p-p-stacking-4bete031oq.pdf

Highly Graphitized Carbon Coating on SiO with a π–π Stacking Precursor Polymer for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

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Highly Graphitized Carbon Coating on SiO with a π–π Stacking Precursor Polymer for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries